1 Corinthians 15:5 - Summary and Commentary

Verse Text: "And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve."

Introduction

This verse is part of the apostle Paul's exposition on the resurrection of Jesus Christ, where he emphasizes the reality of Christ's resurrection by listing witnesses. The inclusion of Cephas (Peter) and the twelve apostles serves to affirm that the resurrection was not just a spiritual truth but a historical event witnessed by many.

Insights from Commentaries

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry points out that the appearances of Christ after His resurrection serve as a foundation for the faith of the believers. He highlights that:

• Witnesses: The choice of Cephas, and subsequently the twelve, underscores the importance of witness in establishing truth. In a legal context, multiple witnesses validate the occurrence of an event.
• Cephas' Role: Cephas, or Peter, being first on the list signifies his prominence among the apostles and his pivotal role in early Christianity.
• Historical Validation: The emphatic statement of being 'seen' indicates that this was not mere spiritual perception, but a physical appearance, affirming the bodily resurrection of Christ.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Albert Barnes elaborates on the significance of Christ appearing to individuals:

• Importance of Personal Appearances: Christ’s appearances to particular individuals, such as Cephas, give a personal dimension to the resurrection account, reminding believers of the intimate relationship they are invited to share with Christ.
• Apostolic Authority: The mention of the twelve serves to consolidate apostolic authority in preaching the Gospel. Their witness is foundational for the early church's message.
• Creating Conviction: These appearances were designed to strengthen the faith of the witnesses and thus empower them to proclaim the resurrection with authority.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke provides an analytical perspective on the implications of this verse:

• Christ’s Assurance: Clarke notes that Christ's post-resurrection appearances were not random; they were purposeful, aimed at dispelling doubt and instilling hope among His followers.
• Group vs. Individual Witnesses: The transition from an individual (Cephas) to a group (the twelve) illustrates both personal and communal aspects of faith, emphasizing that believers find strength both in solitary encounters with Christ and in the corporate body of believers.
• Historical Context: Clarke also places this verse within the larger narrative of the resurrection accounts, demonstrating the coherence and consistency across various witnesses in different Gospel accounts.

Theological Implications

The resurrected Christ’s willingness to appear first to Peter speaks to themes of forgiveness and restoration. After Peter’s denial, this first appearance serves as a profound affirmation of grace and a reminder that no failure is too great to be redeemed by Christ.

Practical Application for Believers

1 Corinthians 15:5 challenges modern believers regarding the assurance of their faith:

• Witnessing: Just as the apostles were witnesses of the resurrection, contemporary believers are called to testify of Christ’s work in their lives, transforming their experiences into powerful testimonies.
• Faith Amid Doubts: In times of struggle or doubt, looking to the witnesses of the resurrection can serve as an anchor to the faith, reminding believers of the historical and personal realities of Christ’s resurrection.
• Community of Believers: The importance of the apostolic community can be an inspiration for believers to cultivate fellowship and accountability, recognizing the strength found in communal faith.

Conclusion

In summary, 1 Corinthians 15:5 is a powerful affirmation of the reality of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The specific mention of Cephas and the twelve not only establishes a historical foundation for the resurrection but also invites believers into a relationship characterized by assurance, grace, and communal strength. The insights from noted commentaries illuminate the profound implications of this verse for theology and practical living in faith.