1. Assurance of Salvation

Matthew Henry: Henry emphasizes that John writes to instill a sense of assurance in the hearts of believers. The phrase "that ye may know" indicates a desire for believers to possess a confident and assured faith. He notes that true saving faith results in an inner witness to one’s salvation. Henry argues that doubt and fear are not in line with the promise of eternal life given by Christ.

Albert Barnes: Barnes expands on this theme by noting that John’s purpose is both pastoral and apologetic. He writes to combat the false teachers of the time who undermined believers' confidence. Barnes points out that the knowledge of eternal life is a crucial component of genuine faith and that certainty about one's status before God is essential for spiritual growth and stability.

Adam Clarke: Clarke adds a historical perspective, suggesting that the verse reflects the strong faith of the early Church amidst persecutions and doctrinal persecutions. Clarke insists that the assurance of eternal life serves as a bulwark against despair and a motivator for holy living. He elaborates on how the knowledge of being saved should lead to a life of righteousness and obedience.

2. The Nature of Faith

Matthew Henry: In engaging with the nature of faith, Henry explains that faith must be directed towards the "name of the Son of God." It is not merely an intellectual assent but involves trust and reliance on Christ's work of atonement. The confidence in salvation arises from the character and promises of Christ himself.

Albert Barnes: Barnes elaborates on this by noting the significance of “believing on the name of the Son of God.” He states that this entails recognizing Jesus’ authority, character, and His role as Mediator. The name encompasses His attributes and suggests a relational faith that includes both acknowledgment of identity and trust in His redemptive work.

Adam Clarke: Clarke asserts that belief in the name of Jesus signifies embracing the entirety of His person and work. He emphasizes that belief must be living and active, producing fruits of Christian character. Clarke also reminds readers of the importance of love and obedience as natural expressions of true faith.

3. Eternal Life as Assurance

Matthew Henry: Henry points out that "eternal life" is presented not just as a future hope but as a present possession for believers. He insists that knowing we have eternal life transforms our perspective on earthly trials and tribulations. This assurance leads believers to a more significant engagement with God and the world.

Albert Barnes: Barnes concurs, emphasizing that eternal life is both a qualitative and quantitative present reality for the believer. He connects this assurance with the believer's knowledge of God and obedience to His commands, encouraging pastors and theologians to elucidate the concept of living in a state of eternal life even while still in this temporal world.

Adam Clarke: Clarke reiterates that the knowledge of eternal life manifests itself in the believer’s daily living. He argues that this assurance encourages perseverance in faith, advocating that such knowledge equips believers to face challenges with boldness and hope.

4. Purpose of the Epistle

Matthew Henry: In expounding on the broader purpose of the epistle, Henry holds that John intends to provide a dual purpose of comfort and warning. While assuring believers of their stance before God, John also seeks to caution against sin and unbelief. This duality underscores the need for a holy, committed lifestyle reflecting the assurance of saving faith.

Albert Barnes: Barnes discusses the implications of the epistle's purpose, suggesting that it serves not only as a source of comfort but also as foundational theology that undergirds Christian living. The themes of love, doctrine, and ethical conduct are interwoven, indicating that assurance should result in holiness.

Adam Clarke: Clarke concludes this section by advising that understanding the epistle’s purpose helps believers cultivate a balanced Christian life. He posits that assurance without holy living leads to spiritual disaster—reminding us that true knowledge of salvation inspires a commitment to Christ-like behavior.

5. Practical Applications for Believers

Reflecting upon the assertions made in John 5:13, the Apostle John presents several practical applications for believers:

• Cultivate Assurance: Believers are encouraged to actively seek assurance of their faith. This involves prayer, studying Scripture, and engaging in the community of faith.
• Understand the Gospel: A firm grasp of the Gospel message is crucial. Pastors should focus on teaching the nature and significance of faith in Jesus as essential for salvation.
• Live Righteously: Confidence in eternal life calls for a life of righteousness. Belief must be demonstrated through love and obedience.
• Share the Assurance: Believers who are assured of their salvation are encouraged to share this confidence with others, being ambassadors of hope and truth.
• Endure Trials: The knowledge of salvation empowers believers to withstand hardships and remain steadfast in faith.