Commentary on 1 Samuel 16:20
Verse Reference: 1 Samuel 16:20 - "And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul."
Introduction
This verse marks a significant transition in the narrative of David's rise to prominence in Israel. It illustrates Jesse's recognition of David's future role and the social customs of the time regarding offerings. Various public domain commentaries provide deeper insights into the historical context, character motivation, and divine providence at play in this passage.
Contextual Background
In the preceding chapters, we see God’s rejection of Saul as king due to his disobedience and the anointing of David by Samuel. This moment in 1 Samuel 16:20 occurs as David is about to be introduced into the service of Saul, demonstrating God's divine plan for leadership in Israel.
Jesse’s Role
Matthew Henry comments on Jesse's actions by emphasizing the role of a father in his son’s journey. Jesse prepares a gift—symbolic of respect and acknowledgment for Saul, the rejected yet still reigning king. This gift also showcases Jesse's understanding that David would soon be influential in the royal household.
Symbolism of the Offerings
Albert Barnes highlights the significance of the items Jesse sends:
- Bread: Represents sustenance and friendship, essential in the customs of hospitality.
- Bottle of wine: A symbol of joy and celebration, indicative of an invitation to reconciliation or favor.
- Kid: This young goat not only serves as a meat offering but also as a mark of respect, acknowledging Saul’s position.
These offerings communicated goodwill from Jesse, reflecting the traditional Middle Eastern customs of seeking favor with influential leaders.
Theological Insights
This passage raises several theological themes that are worthy of exploration:
Divine Providence
Adam Clarke underscores the notion of divine providence at work. God orchestrates events leading David to Saul's court. While Saul is filled with tormenting spirits, God prepares David as the future king. This illustrates how God’s plans unfold through everyday acts and human relationships.
Preparation for Ministry
The sending of David to Saul is also seen as a preparatory move for David’s future leadership. Many biblical students recognize that God often prepares His servants through various stages before leading them into their destined roles. David’s humility is demonstrated in his willingness to serve Saul, despite knowing that he was anointed to be king.
The Importance of Relationships
This verse illustrates the importance of relationships in God's plan. Saul, though rejected, remains a crucial character in David’s journey. The act of Jesse sending David to Saul establishes a bond that will later play a significant role in David's development and understanding of leadership.
Practical Applications
This verse, and the context surrounding it, offers several practical applications:
- Respect for Authority: Even when authority may seem flawed or unworthy, as in the case of Saul, God calls for respect and honor towards those in positions of leadership.
- Faithfulness in Service: David’s willingness to serve Saul shows the value of faithfulness in small tasks. God often tests our character through our service to others.
- God's Sovereign Plan: Believers are reminded that God has a sovereign plan for each individual, often revealing His purposes through unexpected means and relationships.
Conclusion
1 Samuel 16:20 serves as a profound reminder of God’s ability to weave together the lives of individuals for His divine purposes. The simple act of Jesse sending David to Saul transcends its immediate context and speaks to overarching themes of providence, authority, and preparation for future leadership. Such insights are essential not only for pastors and theologians but for all who seek to understand God’s work in the world.
