Matthew Henry’s Commentary

• David's Desperation: Henry emphasizes David's predicament. He is in a state of flight and facing the consequences of his anointing by Samuel while still being pursued by Saul.
• Faith in God's Provision: David’s request signifies a reliance on God. Henry draws parallels to God's provision in desperate circumstances, highlighting that even in exile, God is present.
• The Importance of God’s House: In seeking Ahimelech, David demonstrates the significance of communal worship and support in times of trouble, reflecting a deeper spiritual need.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

• Practical Implications: Barnes notes that the act of David approaching Ahimelech illustrates a necessary action for believers in crises: seeking help from God’s leaders.
• Possible Misinterpretations: Barnes also highlights that David’s request raises questions about his wisdom in revealing his situation, which could be interpreted as a lack of trust in God’s protection.
• The Bread of the Presence: Describes how the special bread that David sought pointed towards God’s holiness and presence, as it was intended for the priests, a reflection of how Jesus later becomes the true bread of life.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

• Physical and Spiritual Needs: Clarke underlines the dual nature of David’s request. He needed both food and a weapon, symbolizing the physical and spiritual struggles inherent in leadership and righteousness.
• David's Fear and His Justification: Clarke discusses David's fear of Saul which led him to lie about his mission. He suggests that this act of deception has been a topic of much theological debate.
• Ahimelech's Role: Highlights Ahimelech’s response as a crucial act of hospitality and loyalty to David, which ultimately cost Ahimelech his life, reflecting the heavy burdens placed on spiritual leaders during times of conflict.

Human Vulnerability

David’s circumstances elucidate the human condition of vulnerability and the need for community support. It speaks to each reader's necessity to seek assistance from those spiritually knowledgeable in times of distress.

The Nature of Divine Dependence

David’s request serves as a model for dependence on divine provision. Despite his ingenuity to escape Saul, it is ultimately God’s providence that sustains both him and the faithful around him.

Leadership in Crisis

The narrative highlights the complexities of leadership, particularly the moral dilemmas faced by those in authority. David’s actions provoke discussion on ethics, faith, and the sacrificial nature of true leadership.