Commentary on 1 Samuel 25:2

Verse: "And there was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel."

Introduction

This passage introduces Nabal, a wealthy man from Maon whose prosperity is highlighted through the mention of his extensive livestock. Samuel's narrative serves to contrast Nabal's character with that of David and sets the stage for significant events that reveal justice, folly, and divine providence.

Nabal's Wealth and Character

The text denotes Nabal's wealth, emphasizing his “greatness” by the sheer number of livestock he possesses. This detail not only indicates his economic status but also introduces themes of pride and arrogance which are common in biblical narratives.

• Matthew Henry: Henry notes that "wealth does not guarantee wisdom or virtue." Nabal’s affluence becomes a point of offense rather than a source of blessing.
• Albert Barnes: Barnes highlights how Nabal's character is revealed through his interactions with others. His name indeed signifies 'fool' in Hebrew, suggesting that his actions will align with this meaning.
• Adam Clarke: Clarke elaborates that Nabal's character is starkly juxtaposed with the humble and noble traits of David, which creates a moral framework for the unfolding story.

The Shearing of Sheep

The act of sheep-shearing is significant in the biblical context. It was a time of festivity and hospitality, when a farmer would ordinarily share his abundance with neighbors and those in need.

• Matthew Henry: He points out that shearing sheep typically involves generosity and shows how Nabal's refusal to extend kindness reveals his true nature.
• Albert Barnes: Barnes mentions that this occasion would have typically been one of joy; hence, Nabal's harsh disposition during this celebratory time reflects his moral failing.
• Adam Clarke: Clarke stresses that Nabal’s neglect of social duties at such a time can be viewed as a blatant disregard for community and neighborly love.

The Human Condition: Wealth and Folly

The implications of Nabal's character and actions invite deeper examination of the relationship between wealth and folly. Nabal's prosperity is juxtaposed by his lack of wisdom and virtue.

• Matthew Henry: He asserts that wealth can blind individuals to their moral responsibilities, leading to behaviour that is inconsiderate and unwise.
• Albert Barnes: Barnes suggests that this passage serves as a grave warning regarding the ethical implications of wealth and the tendency towards arrogance among the rich.
• Adam Clarke: Clarke emphasizes that prosperity without humility leads only to ruin, as can be seen in Nabal's eventual fate.

Scriptural Context and Lessons

This passage cannot be isolated but should be viewed in the larger narrative of David and his struggle for kingship, as well as the moral lessons that the author intends to convey about leadership and character.

• Matthew Henry: He encourages the reader to consider that true greatness is determined by one’s heart and actions rather than mere possessions.
• Albert Barnes: Barnes believes that the story serves to illustrate the consequences of human folly in opposition to divine purpose.
• Adam Clarke: Clarke posits that the events following this introduction illustrate God's providential care and the ultimate triumph of righteousness over wickedness.

Character Comparison: David and Nabal

The comparison between David and Nabal is critical to understanding the moral undertones of this narrative.

• Matthew Henry: Henry indicates that while Nabal embodies foolishness and selfishness, David exemplifies humility, respect, and a willingness to seek peace, representing a model for godly leadership.
• Albert Barnes: Barnes remarks that this contrast is not merely for narrative purposes but serves as an instructive lesson for the audience about the qualities of a just leader.
• Adam Clarke: Clarke notes the importance of this contrast as it frames the reader's understanding of divine justice: the foolish shall fall into their folly.

Conclusion

1 Samuel 25:2 serves as a profound reminder of the perils of wealth when divorced from wisdom and virtue. As noted by the commentators, Nabal’s character represents a significant lesson for leaders, pastors, and scholars alike. It highlights the necessity for discernment in evaluating both personal character and the broader implications of wealth in society.

This narrative ultimately invites a reflection on the nature of true greatness, one marked by humility, generosity, and a commitment to the well-being of others. May we strive to embody these qualities in our own lives and ministries.