Commentary on 1 Samuel 3:21

Verse Context: 1 Samuel 3:21 states, "And the LORD appeared again in Shiloh: for the LORD revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of the LORD." This pivotal moment marks a significant shift in the prophetic office of Israel, highlighting the emergence of Samuel as a prophet and God's means of communication with His people.

General Overview

This verse encapsulates the beginning of a new era in Israel's spiritual history. After years of silence and desolation, God resumes communication with His people through Samuel. The emphasis on God revealing Himself “in Shiloh” underscores the importance of this location as a center of worship and divine revelation.

Insights from Public Domain Commentaries

Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry emphasizes the profound significance of God’s revelation to Samuel in Shiloh. He notes that this was not merely a return to speaking after silence but a restoration of the prophetic voice in a time when the Word of the Lord had become rare. He comments on the great privilege and responsibility that Samuel received as the Lord's messenger, highlighting that God’s communication is a sign of His grace and a call to spiritual accountability. Henry also points out how the location of Shiloh symbolizes God's commitment to His covenant people and the restoration of true worship.

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes provides a detailed exposition of the phrase “the LORD appeared again.” He explains that this re-appearance signifies not just a message but an intimate restoration of relationship between God and His chosen servant, Samuel. Barnes discusses the implications of this revelation, emphasizing that it came during a time of national decline and moral decay in Israel. He connects this divine interaction to the broader theme of God’s faithfulness amidst human unfaithfulness, suggesting that God’s revelation through Samuel will be central in guiding Israel back to faithfulness.

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke offers insight into the spiritual symbolism of this verse, noting that the revelation in Shiloh represents a renewed hope for Israel. He interprets the appearance of the Lord as a clear indication of God’s continued purpose and presence among His people. Clarke elaborates on the historical significance of Shiloh, a place where the tabernacle was located, and its role as a sacred site during the early days of Israel. He stresses the importance of God’s revelation to Samuel as a preparation for great changes, indicating that Samuel would become a key figure in the transition from judges to monarchy in Israel.

Theological Implications

• God’s Initiative in Revelation: The verse emphasizes that it is God who takes the initiative to reveal Himself. This underscores the theological principle that God desires to communicate with humanity, initiating relationship rather than waiting for humanity to seek Him.
• Restoration and Call: Samuel’s calling signifies the restoration of prophetic ministry in Israel. This is also an encouragement that God can revive His work even in times of spiritual dryness.
• Location of Divine Encounter: The mention of Shiloh highlights the importance of place in biblical theology. Shiloh represents the dwelling place of God among His people, serving as a reminder that God’s presence is often associated with particular locations of worship and community.
• Transition of Leadership: Samuel’s revelation signifies a shift in spiritual leadership in Israel. It sets the stage for Samuel's role as a prophet, judge, and leader, introducing pivotal changes leading to the monarchy.

Applications for Pastors and Theologians

This verse serves as a powerful reminder to leaders and theologians of the importance of being attuned to God’s voice in their ministries. Just as God revealed Himself to Samuel, He continues to seek those who are willing to listen and carry forth His message. This encourages pastors to cultivate a life of prayer and listening for God’s guidance. In times of spiritual decline, like those faced by Eli and his sons, leaders are reminded that God can raise up new voices if the old ones become unresponsive.

Conclusion

1 Samuel 3:21 is a foundational verse that illustrates God's enduring desire to communicate with His people. Through the insights of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we are reminded of the significance of God’s revelation in the life of Samuel and its implications for the nation of Israel’s future. This text encourages not only the pursuit of spiritual renewal but also the understanding that God is continuously at work in His covenant relationship with His people.