Commentary on 2 Corinthians 12:20

Verse: "For I fear lest, when I come, I shall not find you such as I would, and that I shall be found unto you such as ye would not: lest there be debates, envyings, wraths, strifes, backbitings, whisperings, swellings, tumults."

Introduction

This verse from 2 Corinthians encapsulates the Apostle Paul's deep concern for the spiritual state of the Corinthian church. In this commentary, we will explore the rich insights from the public domain works of notable theologians, including Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, to grasp the implications of this verse for the church and its leaders.

Contextual Background

Paul’s second epistle to the Corinthians is marked by personal reflections and a defense of his apostolic authority. This chapter reflects a transition from doctrinal exposition to practical exhortation, revealing Paul’s pastoral heart. The fears he expresses are not mere speculation; they stem from previous experiences and reports of disunity and conflict within the church (see 2 Corinthians 1:1-2; 2:5-11).

Verse Analysis

The core of this verse hinges on Paul’s apprehension about his next visit to Corinth. Below are key points extracted from various commentaries:

• Fears of Apostolic Disappointment:

  Matthew Henry notes that Paul fears he will not find the Corinthians as spiritually mature as he desires. He expresses a balm for a leader's heart that longs for the growth and alignment of the flock with the teachings of Christ.

• Mutual Expectations:

  Albert Barnes emphasizes that there exists a tension between the expectations Paul has of the Corinthians and what they might expect from him. This intimate relational dynamic is crucial for maintaining the health of congregational life.

• Deterioration of Relationships:

  Adam Clarke interprets the laundry list of sins Paul fears may be present in the church—debates, envyings, and strifes—as symptoms of deeper relational issues that could erupt into chaos if left unaddressed.

Examination of Specific Terms

Paul’s enumeration of potential problems is significant:

• Debates:

  Disputes among members indicate a lack of unity in purpose and spirit. Henry points out that debates dilute the clarity of the gospel message and shift focus away from Christ.

• Envyings:

  Barnes highlights envy as a destructive vice that can consume community trust and create factions among believers, leading to discord.

• Wraths and Strifes:

  Both Clarke and Henry caution that these emotions can lead to ruptured community and challenge the apostolic mission of reconciliation.

• Backbitings and Whisperings:

  Gossip, as identified by Paul, undermines the integrity of relationships and the church community. It creates an atmosphere of suspicion and mistrust, counter to the teachings of Christ.

• Swellings and Tumults:

  This phrase denotes not only pride but also public upheaval. Clarke indicates that external expressions of discontent can damage the witness of the church.

Pastoral Implications

Paul's fears serve as a template for contemporary pastoral practice:

• Awareness:

  Pastors and church leaders must remain vigilant of the spiritual wellbeing of their congregants to foster an environment that meets the apostolic standard of love and unity.

• Encouragement of Transparency:

  The call for honesty and reconciliation within the body of Christ is paramount. Such transparency helps dispel the darkness of gossip and hostility.

• Promoting Unity:

  Leaders must actively promote unity through teaching, ensuring that congregants prioritize relationships and the common good over personal grievances.

Conclusion

2 Corinthians 12:20 carries profound implications for both ancient and modern congregational life. Paul’s fearful anticipation serves as a cautionary tale—a reminder of the fragility of church unity amidst the human condition. The verse encourages leaders to shepherd with care, joining with Paul in the quest for purity, love, and the mutual edification of the body of Christ.