Commentary on Acts 2:1

Verse: "And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place."

Introduction

The commencement of the Pentecost marks a pivotal moment in the history of the Church and serves as a fulfillment of Jesus' promise regarding the Holy Spirit. This verse sets the stage for the outpouring of the Spirit and the subsequent empowerment of the disciples, which is foundational for Christian doctrine and practice.

Historical Context

Pentecost, also known as the Feast of Weeks, was celebrated fifty days after Passover. It was a significant Jewish festival that commemorated the harvest of the first fruits and later became associated with the giving of the Law to Moses at Sinai. Understanding this context illuminates the Lord’s timing and the selection of this feast for the outpouring of the Spirit, as noted by Matthew Henry.

Spiritual Significance

The phrase "when the day of Pentecost was fully come" emphasizes divine timing. The completion of the festival signifies fullness—the fulfillment of scriptural prophecy and the initiation of a new covenant marked by the Holy Spirit. Adam Clarke highlights that this occasion was not random; rather, it was divinely orchestrated to demonstrate God's plan.

Unity among Disciples

Acts 2:1 also states that "they were all with one accord in one place." This description of unity is profound. Albert Barnes notes that this unity among the disciples was essential for the coming of the Holy Spirit. The disciples were gathered not only physically but spiritually, signifying a deep bond that underscores the importance of community in spiritual matters.

Importance of Unity

• Precedent for Church Leadership: The unity prefigures the leadership model in the early Church, highlighting mutual support and cooperation.
• Effectiveness in Prayer: Coming together in prayer is a consistent theme; unity enhances the effectiveness of their supplications.
• Emphasis on Fellowship: Their gathering reflects the importance of koinonia (fellowship) which is fundamental for the Church’s growth.

Theological Implications

The event of Pentecost was not merely an isolated incident; it acted as a foundation for the church. The Holy Spirit's outpouring bestowed spiritual gifts and empowered the believers for mission. Matthew Henry remarks that the Spirit’s advent was characterized by suddenness and force, awakening them to their roles in the Gospel mission.

Fulfillment of Promise

This incident fulfills Jesus’ promises documented in the Gospels (e.g., John 14:16-17). Clarke points out the significance of the Spirit's coming: an advocate to dwell within believers, transforming their hearts and empowering them for ministry.

Conclusion

Acts 2:1 encompasses a wealth of theological and practical truths that speak to the nature of Christian fellowship, divine timing, and the empowerment by the Holy Spirit. Reflecting on the insights from Henry, Barnes, and Clarke helps to deepen our understanding of this important event and encourages us to cultivate unity and openness to the Holy Spirit in our congregational life.

Reflection: As we study this verse, let us consider the importance of being "with one accord" in our communal worship and the ways in which we might invite the Holy Spirit to move powerfully in our midst.