Bible Commentary on Deuteronomy 1:3

Verse: "And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment unto them;" (Deuteronomy 1:3)

Contextual Overview

This pivotal verse opens the final section of the Pentateuch, detailing Moses' farewell address to the Israelites. As the people prepare to enter the Promised Land, Moses reflects on their journey, the laws given to them, and the consequences of their past actions. It marks a moment of transition, as God’s people stand on the threshold of fulfilling the promise made to their ancestors.

Historical Significance

Fortieth Year: The reference to "the fortieth year" indicates that the Israelites have completed a lengthy period of wandering in the desert, a consequence of their disobedience and lack of faith in God’s promises. This year is of immense significance, symbolizing both judgment and a new beginning.

Eleventh Month: The mention of the eleventh month signals a time of reflection. This chronologically positions the events just before Israel's entry into Canaan, urging the people to remember past failures while also reminding them of God's enduring faithfulness.

Moses as the Mediator

Moses' role as a prophet and mediator is evident in this passage. He is the instrument through which God’s commands are conveyed. Commentators highlight that Moses speaks "according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment,” emphasizing the divine authority behind his words. Through Moses, God encapsulates His covenantal expectations for His people.

Theological Implications

This verse serves as a reminder of God's providence and grace throughout Israel's journey. It establishes a paradigm for understanding the relationship between divine instruction and human responsibility. As pastors and theologians reflect on this passage, they will find rich material for teaching about:

• God's faithfulness: Despite Israel's failings, God remains steadfast, preparing a future for His people.
• The importance of obedience: Instructions from God come with the expectation of adherence, pivotal for successful living in the Promised Land.
• Leadership and accountability: Moses’ leadership exemplifies the duty to guide others in accordance with God's commands.

Commentary Insights

Matthew Henry: Henry emphasizes the significance of this period of reflection as foundational for the Israelites. He suggests that Moses, recognizing the upcoming trials in Canaan, sought to reinforce their commitment to God's law. This was vital for establishing a righteous society in the land they were about to possess.

Albert Barnes: Barnes notes the importance of timing in this verse. He examines how the precise mention of year, month, and day underscores God's meticulous plan. Furthermore, he reflects on how Moses, at the end of his life, used this opportunity to remind the people of their responsibilities and God’s previous acts of salvation, urging them toward faithfulness.

Adam Clarke: Clarke points out the dual nature of Moses’ speech as both admonition and encouragement. He elaborates on how the Israelites had a moral obligation to listen to Moses’ final commands, which encapsulated their covenantal relationship with God. Clarke also discusses the parallel between this historical moment and the continual need for contemporary believers to heed divine guidance.

Conclusion

Deuteronomy 1:3 serves as an essential reminder of the intertwined relationship between divine directives and human responsiveness. As students and scholars explore this verse, the insights gleaned from public domain commentaries enrich the understanding of the broader narrative of the Israelites. The verse prepares the reader to consider the implications of obedience to God's commands as vital for success in any endeavor, particularly in spiritual life and community building.