Commentary on Deuteronomy 9:5

Verse Reference: Deuteronomy 9:5 - "Not for thy righteousness, or for the uprightness of thy heart, dost thou go to possess their land: but for the wickedness of these nations the Lord thy God doth drive them out from before thee, and that he may perform the word which the Lord sware unto thy fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob."

Introduction

This verse plays a significant role in understanding the relationship between Israel and the land it was about to inhabit. It underscores the notion of grace and divine judgment, emphasizing that possession of the Promised Land is not rooted in Israel's righteousness but rather in God's promise and the wickedness of other nations.

Contextual Analysis

Deuteronomy, attributed to Moses, functions as a crucial restatement of the law and a reminder of the covenant between God and Israel. In chapter 9, the focus shifts to the possession of Canaan, where Moses cautions the Israelites before they enter into the land.

Preamble of Divine Sovereignty

In this verse, a clear principle emerges: the Israelites are not to presume that their own moral standing or achievements have earned them this land. This doctrine of grace is pivotal for understanding God's dealings with humanity.

Insights from Public Domain Commentaries

Matthew Henry Commentary

Matthew Henry emphasizes that Israel's claim to the land is not based on merit. He states that "the Israelites were to enter Canaan not because of their righteousness but because of the iniquity of the nations that dwelled there." This perspective invites reflection on God's justice and mercy.

Henry notes that this assertion demonstrates God's faithfulness to His promises made to the patriarchs. It leads believers to appreciate that God's plans are not contingent on human behavior but are rooted in His eternal purpose.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Albert Barnes emphasizes the futility of self-righteousness in the context of divine promise. He writes, "The reason for the conquest was not the righteousness of Israel, but the moral corruption of the Canaanite nations." This statement indicates that God utilizes the judgment of the wicked for the furtherance of His divine plans.

Furthermore, Barnes points out that God's actions serve as both a warning and an assurance. While Canaan's inhabitants face judgment, Israel is reminded to remain humble and recognize God's grace as the driving force behind their victories.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke delves into the implications of what it means to "perform the word" that God sware unto the patriarchs. He articulates that this fulfillment of promise is a testament to God’s unchanging nature and faithfulness.

Clarke also observes that this verse serves as a call to the Israelites to not become complacent or arrogant upon their arrival in Canaan. He warns that their advancement should foster gratitude rather than pride, reinforcing the importance of a humble heart before God.

Theological Implications

The verse in question raises critical theological discussions about grace, divine judgment, and human righteousness. It elucidates a recurring Biblical theme: the distinction between God’s covenant faithfulness and human merit.

Grace vs. Righteousness

The principle conveyed here illustrates that God's favor is not a direct result of human action but of divine love and commitment. This fundamental truth invites theological reflection on how grace operates within the broader narrative of Scripture.

God's Justice and Righteousness

There is also a profound juxtaposition between God's righteousness and the unrighteousness of the nations being conquered. The text calls believers today to contemplate the repercussions of collective moral decay and God's profound patience before enacting judgment.

Practical Applications

For pastors, theologians, and students of the Bible, Deuteronomy 9:5 provides rich ground for personal and communal reflection:

• Humility in Leadership: Understanding that ministry success and the blessings in the church come not from personal merit but from God's grace fosters a humble approach to leadership.
• Warning Against Complacency: Just as Israel was warned, contemporary believers must remain vigilant in their faith and conduct, avoiding pride because of God’s blessings.
• Appreciation of God’s Promises: Reflecting on God's faithfulness encourages trust in His promises despite present challenges or societal decay.
• Call to Righteous Conduct: Acknowledging that judgment comes as a result of wickedness encourages personal and communal commitment to righteousness.

Conclusion

Deuteronomy 9:5 serves as a poignant reminder of the nature of God’s grace and the importance of humility. It invites us to rest in the assurance that God's covenant promises are fulfilled not because of our righteousness but because of His unwavering faithfulness. It is a powerful message for every believer, urging us to live in recognition of both God’s justice and His grace.