Commentary on Ezra 5:3

Ezra 5:3 states:

"At the same time came to them Tattenai, governor on this side the river, and Shetharboznai, and their companions, and said thus unto them, Who hath commanded you to build this house, and to make up this wall?"

Introduction

The verse sets the stage for the challenges faced by the Israelites during the reconstruction of the temple in Jerusalem. It introduces key figures and highlights the tension between the Jewish exiles and the ruling authority of the Persian Empire. Understanding this interaction is crucial as it encapsulates themes of authority, divine mandate, and perseverance amidst opposition.

Contextual Background

Following the Babylonian captivity, the Jews returned to Jerusalem under the decree of King Cyrus. Their foremost task was to rebuild the temple, a symbol of God’s presence among His people. Ezra and Nehemiah’s narrative unfolds amidst political complexities and interruptions instigated by local adversaries.

The Characters Involved

• Tattenai: The governor, representing Persian authority, appears to act on behalf of the king to oversee the situation in Jerusalem.
• Shetharboznai: Likely a subordinate of Tattenai; his role emphasizes the governance structure of the Persian Empire.
• The Jews: The builders of the temple, who faced scrutiny for their mission to restore God's house.

Analysis of the Verse

Inquiry of Authority

Tattenai's question, "Who hath commanded you to build this house, and to make up this wall?" reflects a challenge to the Jews' divine mandate. This inquiry is not merely procedural but indicative of the necessary legitimacy the Jews needed to operate under foreign rule. It showcases the dissatisfaction of the local governors with the Jewish projects that could potentially threaten their power and control of the region.

Significance of the Temple Reconstruction

Matthew Henry notes that the rebuilding of the temple was not merely a physical restoration but a significant step in the spiritual revival of the Jewish people. The temple represented the covenant between God and Israel, and its construction was both a testimony to God’s faithfulness and a declaration of purpose for those returning from exile.

The Divine Mandate

Albert Barnes emphasizes that the command to rebuild was not self-imposed but derived from divine instruction via prophets such as Haggai and Zechariah. The resumption of building amidst opposition illustrates faith in God’s promises despite earthly challenges. The people were called to fulfill their divine purpose regardless of external pressures.

Theological Implications

Faith Under Authority

This verse encourages believers to stand firm in their faith when confronted by authorities that challenge their mission. The Jews' determination to build, despite the questioning of their authority, echoes the apostolic resolve in the Book of Acts where the early Christians insisted on preaching despite prohibitions.

God’s Sovereignty

Adam Clarke points out that the unfolding of events, including the opposition led by Tattenai, serves a higher purpose under God's sovereignty. Their struggle was part of God's redemptive plan, aligning with the understanding that adversity is often the backdrop for God's glory to be revealed.

Practical Applications

• Endurance in Mission: Believers are reminded to persist in their God-given tasks despite external opposition or questioning from authorities.
• The Importance of Divine Right: Understanding one’s calling is crucial; it is the foundation upon which a believer can stand against questioning and challenges.
• Community and Accountability: The rebuilding at Jerusalem highlights the need for communal effort in ministry, alongside accountability to ensure that actions align with God’s purpose.

Conclusion

Ezra 5:3 invites readers to reflect on their own missions and the opposition they may face. The Jewish people's resilience in building the temple serves as a profound example of faith, determination, and reliance upon God’s direction. As pastors, students, theologians, and scholars engage with this text, they are encouraged to recognize both the historical significance and the enduring applicability of standing firm in one’s faith against adversity.