Introduction

The fifth verse of Galatians chapter four presents a profound theological assertion concerning the nature of redemption and the believer's identity in Christ. This commentary seeks to explore the depths of this verse as analyzed by notable public domain commentaries combining insights from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke.

Contextual Overview

The Apostle Paul writes to the Galatians to address the issue of legalism infiltrating the church. In previous chapters, Paul expounds on the sufficiency of grace and faith in Christ alone, contrasting it with the works of the law. Understanding the surrounding context is crucial as it sets the stage for the redemptive work of Christ mentioned in this verse.

Exegesis of 'To Redeem'

Matthew Henry highlights that the term "redeem" signifies deliverance from bondage. It denotes a transaction where something of value is given to secure liberation. Paul emphasizes that Christ was sent specifically to deliver those bound under the law, thus pointing to the liberation from the curse of the law (Galatians 3:10).

Albert Barnes adds that this redemption was not merely from the law itself but from the dominion and consequence of sin. The idea of redemption implies that Christ’s sacrificial death provided a means for believers to escape the penalties that the law demanded.

The Meaning of 'Them That Were Under the Law'

The phrase "them that were under the law" refers to both Jews, who were directly under the Mosaic Law, and Gentiles, who lived in a state of moral law and understood their shortcomings. Adam Clarke elaborates that the term encompasses everyone who seeks justification through their own merits rather than through faith in Christ. This underlines the universal need for redemption.

Understanding 'That We Might Receive'

This portion of the verse signifies intention and purpose. The reason for redemption is clearly outlined – that believers may be adopted as sons. Matthew Henry observes that this adoption into the family of God entails a transformation in relationship and status, from slaves or strangers to sons and heirs.

Albert Barnes further emphasizes that adoption not only speaks of a change in relationship but also of an inheritance. Through Christ, believers are not merely forgiven; they are welcomed into God’s family with all the accompanying rights and privileges.

Theological Implications

This verse encapsulates several core theological principles that are crucial for understanding Christian identity:

• Redemption: The primary function of Christ's coming was to redeem mankind from the law's curse.
• Adoption: Believers are afforded a new standing before God, where they are recognized as His children.
• Grace vs. Law: The transition from law to grace is central to Paul's argument, underscoring the sufficiency of faith in Christ over adherence to the law.

Application for Pastors and Theologians

For pastors and theologians, this verse serves as a reminder of the central message of the Gospel. It challenges the notion of legalism and encourages the proclamation of grace. The clarity regarding the believer's identity helps guide pastoral counseling and preaching. Understanding one's adoption into God’s family empowers individuals to live out their faith with confidence, grasping their status as heirs of God’s promises.

Adam Clarke encourages leaders to communicate the assurance that through faith in Christ, every believer is not only redeemed but also called to live in the fullness of their new identity in Christ. This should shape the way churches approach discipleship and community.

Conclusion

Galatians 4:5 encapsulates the essence of the Gospel, affirming the transformative power of Christ’s redemptive work. By understanding both the context and the theological implications of this verse, individuals can appreciate the depth of their adoption as children of God. The insights provided by Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke illuminate a pathway for deeper engagement with Scripture, ultimately leading to greater faithfulness in the Christian life.