Commentary on Isaiah 47:2

Isaiah 47:2 states, "Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers." This verse is a prophetic declaration that serves to illustrate the humiliation and downfall of Babylon, a powerful empire that will ultimately face divine judgment. In this commentary, we will explore the insights from various public domain sources, including Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke.

Contextual Overview

The book of Isaiah is a profound compilation of prophecies directed towards Israel and the surrounding nations. Chapter 47 speaks particularly to Babylon, representing the hubris of worldly power that opposes God. This chapter is not merely historical; rather, it serves as a timeless warning of the consequences of pride and idolatry.

Analysis of Key Phrases

Each phrase of Isaiah 47:2 can be examined for deeper meanings:

• “Take the millstones, and grind meal”: This action symbolizes a return to the most menial and degrading work. Millstones are instruments used in the preparation of food, suggesting that Babylon will be reduced from a position of power to one of servitude. As noted by Matthew Henry, "This signifies a change from royalty to ruin, where their lofty pride will be humbled to the dust."
• “Uncover thy locks”: This directive relates to the exposure of shame and vulnerability. It signifies an act of indignity that showcases the stripping away of security and dignity. Albert Barnes comments on this, stating, "The uncovering of locks is emblematic of the loss of beauty and status, directly correlating with the humiliation they will face."
• “Make bare the leg, uncover the thigh”: This vivid imagery reflects complete dishonor and vulnerability. In ancient cultures, exposing one's thigh was associated with shame. Adam Clarke elaborates, "The acts of exposing and unveiling denote the utter defeat and disgrace that shall befall Babylon, the once proud mistress of nations."
• “Pass over the rivers”: Indicates a passage through or across obstacles, often linked to a retreat or a forced movement due to pressure. It suggests that Babylon will not only be overthrown but also diminished as the consequences of divine judgment bear down upon her.

Theological Implications

This verse invites theological reflection on the nature of God's judgment:

• Divine Sovereignty: God’s authority is supreme over all nations. He raises up and tears down empires according to His purpose. The fall of Babylon is a testimony to the sovereignty of God in human affairs.
• Human Pride and Humiliation: The actions described portray a movement from exaltation to humiliation. It serves as an admonition against pride and the consequences that arise from it. Matthew Henry asserts, "Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall."
• Justice for the Oppressed: The prophecy can also be interpreted as a message of hope for the oppressed Israelites. The degradation of their oppressors would signal justice and restoration for God’s people.

Historical Interpretations

The fall of Babylon occurred in 539 BC when Cyrus the Great conquered the city. The prophecy in Isaiah serves not only as an immediate warning but also as an assurance of God’s ultimate plan of redemption for His people:

• Cyrus the Great's Role: The historical figure of Cyrus is significant as he is used as God’s instrument to execute judgment upon Babylon. The collapse of Babylon illustrates the fulfillment of God's word through prophecy.
• Reflection on Idolatry: Babylonian culture was rife with idolatry and opposition to the true God. This chapter reflects God's discontent with nations that forsake His sovereignty.

Application for Today

As pastors, students, and scholars reflect on Isaiah 47:2, there are several lessons that can be transformed into practical applications:

• Warning Against Idolatry: In contemporary society, idolatry may not always take a physical form but can manifest in materialism, power, or self-worship. The message of Isaiah serves as a stark warning against veering away from devotion to God.
• Importance of Humility: Believers are called to embrace humility, recognizing the dangers of pride as clearly evident in God’s judgment on Babylon.
• Hope in Divine Justice: For those facing oppression or injustice, Isaiah's prophecy reminds them that God sees their plight and will act on their behalf in His timing.

Conclusion

Isaiah 47:2 encapsulates profound theological truths and warnings applicable throughout history. Through the insights of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we see the dynamics of divine judgment unfold before us. As we navigate our modern context, may this passage encourage believers to uphold faithfulness, humility, and hope in a sovereign God who governs the affairs of nations.