Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry emphasizes the "sharp sword" as a powerful tool for both offense and defense. The sharpness of the sword symbolizes the cutting nature of the Word of God delivered through His servant. Henry elaborates that just as a sword cuts through defenses, the servant’s words will penetrate the hearts of the people, highlighting the transformative power of divine communication.

He notes that being "hidden in the shadow of His hand" illustrates the protective nature of God over His servant. Just as a shadow offers refuge, so God shields His servant from the attacks of adversaries, assuring that the mission unfolds under divine protection. Henry also highlights the significance of being "hid" in God's quiver, suggesting that God will reveal His servant at the opportune time, emphasizing the divine timing in all appointed tasks.

Albert Barnes' Commentary

Albert Barnes offers an analysis focused on the characteristics attributed to God's servant. Barnes points out that the "sharp sword" signifies the servant's role in declaring God's message with precision and efficacy. He draws a connection to the New Testament, interpreting this servant's attributes as a foreshadowing of Christ, who fulfills this prophetic role perfectly through His ministry and passion.

Barnes elaborates on the image of the "polished shaft," depicting readiness for use and excellence in execution. The idea of being "hid" suggests a time of preparation, where God’s servant is being shaped, honed, and refined before reaching the fullness of his purpose. This hiddenness also speaks to a necessary period of waiting, emphasizing the importance of God’s timing in the revelation of the servant to the world.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke interprets the "sharp sword" as a representation of the power of the gospel. He asserts that the sword serves both as a symbol of judgment and salvation—cutting away the deadness of sin while simultaneously offering hope through repentance. Clarke asserts that the effectiveness of the servant’s message can lead people to redemption, serving as a paradox of destruction and renewal.

Clarke also provides insight into the significance of the "shadow" under which the servant is hidden, positing that this embodies God’s faithful provision and support. He clarifies that God's quiver symbolizes a storehouse of instruments for His purpose, indicating that each servant has a divine appointment within His overarching plan of salvation. The polished shaft, therefore, stands for the process of preparation that the servant undergoes, ultimately maintaining that every believer is crafted for specific service within God’s grand narrative.