Commentary on James 3:15

James 3:15 states: "This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish."

This verse serves as a critical examination of various kinds of wisdom and their origins, particularly contrasting divine wisdom with earthly wisdom. Below, we delve into the insights provided by notable public domain commentators.

1. The Nature of Wisdom

James partners wisdom with its source, articulating a clear distinction between divine wisdom and that which is "earthly," "sensual," and "devilish".

• Matthew Henry:

  Henry underscores that true wisdom comes from God and is characterized by purity, peace, gentleness, and sincerity. The opposite, which James describes in this verse, is wisdom that reflects human motives devoid of divine influence. This earthly wisdom, he posits, leads to strife and division among believers.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes emphasizes that the categorization of wisdom into these three types highlights its detrimental nature when it is not from God. He notes that “earthly” relates to wisdom derived solely from worldly principles and experiences, while “sensual” suggests a wisdom driven by carnal desires without regard for spiritual truths. Finally, “devilish” indicates a wisdom that is actively opposed to God, which is inspired by evil forces.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke adds that the specificity of the term "devilish" emphasizes the malevolent nature of certain wisdoms. He notes that wisdom, in this context, promotes discord and encourages behavior that aligns with moral decay, rooting it in demonic influence. Clarke draws attention to the need for discernment in identifying true wisdom, which is spiritually constructive.

2. Earthly Wisdom

Earthly wisdom is described as wisdom that is limited by human understanding and experiences. It is inherently self-focused and often leads to selfish ambition and disorder.

• Matthew Henry:

  He points out that earthly wisdom can give the appearance of insight and clarity but ultimately lacks the depth of spiritual understanding. Such wisdom is primarily concerned with human outcomes rather than divine perspectives.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes notes that this form of wisdom often results in conflict and chaos within human relationships, as it operates outside of God’s governing principles and instead submits to the passions of the flesh.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke mentions that believers must guard against allowing worldly wisdom to infiltrate their thoughts and actions, as it diminishes the authority of God’s Word and disrupts fellowship with Him.

3. Sensual Wisdom

Sensual wisdom is described as being governed by base desires and immediate gratification. It aligns with human passions rather than with the will of God.

• Matthew Henry:

  This form of wisdom appeals to the senses and often leads one to make decisions based on emotions rather than reason or faith. Henry warns that it can conflict with spiritual discernment, resulting in actions that appear right in the short term but are ultimately destructive.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes conveys that the term “sensual” in this verse indicates more than just physical desire; it encompasses a broader set of desires including emotional and intellectual pursuits that are disconnected from divine wisdom.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke notes that this wisdom leads believers to act contrary to moral law, placing personal satisfaction above godly principles. He encourages vigilance against such thinking as it leads to spiritual downfall.

4. Devilish Wisdom

Flatly calling certain types of wisdom “devilish,” James warns of the direct opposition that this wisdom has towards God and His truth.

• Matthew Henry:

  Henry explains that this type of wisdom directly aligns with the devil's agenda, promoting actions that are contrary to God’s character. He asserts that wisdom of this sort sows discord and undermines the unity of the church.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes elucidates that “devilish” wisdom can manifest as pseudo-spirituality, leading believers into confusion and error. This deception is rooted in pride and rebellion against the authority of God.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke further emphasizes the danger of this wisdom, noting that its presence can corrupt the community of believers and lead them away from the truth of God’s Word.

5. The Importance of Discernment

Given the different forms of wisdom, the onus is upon believers to seek discernment to differentiate between wisdom that comes from God and that which does not.

• Matthew Henry:

  He stresses that seeking God’s wisdom should be a priority for every believer. This pursuit involves prayer, humility, and a willingness to conform to God’s ways.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes encourages a continuous commitment to truth and integrity in all areas of life, reminding readers that true wisdom comes only from a relationship with God.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke concludes that believers need to be vigilant participants in the community of faith, embracing divine wisdom that cultivates love, peace, and harmony among one another.

Conclusion

James 3:15 admonishes believers to critically assess the source of their wisdom and to seek divine wisdom that is pure, peace-loving, and considerate. The contrast between worldly and heavenly wisdom serves as an enduring challenge for all followers of Christ to remain grounded in the truth of God's Word.