Bible Commentary on Psalms 38:20

Verse: "They also that render evil for good are mine adversaries; because I follow the thing that good is."

Introduction

Psalm 38 is often viewed as a penitential psalm, expressed in the voice of one who is deeply aware of sin and its consequences. In this particular verse, the psalmist laments the response of his adversaries who, instead of reciprocating kindness, repay him with malice. This commentary aims to distill insights from several renowned public domain commentators to provide a meaningful exploration of this verse, especially its implications for pastoral care, theological reflection, and scholarly study.

Contextual Understanding

Psalms are not merely songs; they encapsulate the experiences and emotions of worshippers, expressing a range of sentiments from joy to despair. In the context of Psalm 38, the psalmist is in a state of deep distress, both physically and spiritually. Understanding this context is crucial in appreciating the weight of verse 20. Here, we see a stark contrast between the psalmist's intention to do good and the actions of his adversaries.

Matthew Henry's Insights

Matthew Henry emphasizes the theme of suffering and the trials that besiege the righteous. In his commentary, he notes that the psalmist feels surrounded by those who engage in "rendering evil for good." This highlights a profound moral tragedy where benevolence is met with hostility. Henry suggests that such experiences can lead to spiritual wrestling, prompting believers to seek divine intervention and clarity amidst hardship.

• Contrast with Divine Justice: Henry points out that this verse reflects a critical element of biblical justice where the righteous suffer not for their wrongdoing but for their adherence to goodness. The psalmist remains committed to righteousness despite being wronged.
• Encouragement to Persevere: Henry advocates for patience in the face of adversity, urging readers to trust in God's ultimate justice. Believers are reminded that while earthly adversaries may flourish for a time, divine retribution favors the faithful.

Albert Barnes' Exegesis

Albert Barnes provides a closer linguistic and theological analysis of Psalm 38:20. He interprets "render evil for good" as a reference to those who intentionally harm, particularly in response to kindness. Barnes highlights the psychological dynamic at play: when one does good, but is met with evil, it challenges the natural inclination to respond in kind.

• Human Tendency Toward Retribution: Barnes observes that the instinct to repay evil with evil is common, yet the psalmist strives to break this cycle by affirming his commitment to goodness.
• Trust in God's Sovereignty: He encourages believers to maintain an unwavering faith in God’s goodness and sovereignty, even when faced with treachery. The psalmist’s reliance on God serves as a source of strength.

Adam Clarke's Perspective

Adam Clarke offers a pastoral application of the psalmist's situation, tying it closely to the experiences of believers facing trials. Clarke notes the importance of surrounding oneself with godly influences to combat feelings of isolation in the face of adversity.

• Reflection of Christ's Suffering: Clarke draws parallels between the psalmist's suffering and that of Christ, who was similarly repaid evil for the good he did. This connection highlights the continuity of redemptive suffering throughout scripture.
• Call to Integrity: Clarke challenges believers to sustain their integrity and commitment to good even when others do not reciprocate. He emphasizes that enduring faith is often refined and tested in these challenging moments.

Theological Implications

This verse raises compelling theological questions about the nature of divine justice, human suffering, and the ethics of response to wrongdoing. Here are some notable implications:

• The Nature of Goodness: The psalmist provides a model for understanding goodness not merely as an action but as an allegiance to God's character, which shimmers even in the dark times of life.
• Suffering Righteousness: The suffering endured by the psalmist for doing good echoes the weight of righteousness that prophets and Christ himself experienced, granting deeper insights into the cost of discipleship.
• God as the Ultimate Defender: The psalmist's call for justice is also an invitation for readers to rest in the assurance that God sees and will act on behalf of the oppressed.

Pastoral Applications

For pastors and leaders, Psalm 38:20 provides a rich tapestry for counseling congregants who feel wronged or unappreciated. The following applications can be derived:

• Encouragement in Grief: Speak to those who feel betrayed, reminding them that their suffering is acknowledged by God, and they are not alone in their struggles.
• Modeling Forgiveness: Use the psalmist's experience as an opportunity to teach about the transformative power of forgiveness in the midst of betrayal.
• Guidance in Goodness: Reinforce the importance of steadfast goodness as a vocation to which all believers are called, irrespective of the responses of others.

Conclusion

Psalms 38:20 serves as a poignant reminder of the complexity of human relationships and the Christian call to righteousness amidst adversity. Drawing from the insights of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we see a multifaceted understanding of the grief borne by the psalmist contrasted with his commitment to goodness. For pastors, theologians, and scholars, this verse encapsulates both the struggles inherent to the Christian walk and the ultimate hope found in God's redemptive plan.