Commentary on Romans 10:3

Romans 10:3 reads: "For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God."

This verse encapsulates the central theme of the Apostle Paul's letter to the Romans regarding the contrast between righteousness acquired through the law versus that which is received through faith in Christ.

Introduction

The verse addresses the state of the Israelites in relation to God's righteousness. Paul, a zealous Pharisee before his conversion, reflects on the spiritual condition of his people. In this verse, Paul identifies two significant conditions:

• Ignorance of God’s righteousness
• Self-directed efforts to establish personal righteousness

Contextual Analysis

The preceding verses set the stage for understanding the plight of Israel. Paul expresses his deep desire for the salvation of his people, indicating that they have a zeal for God but lack knowledge.

• Ignorance: The term implies a willful lack of understanding; they did not comprehend how God's righteousness is obtained through faith.
• Self-righteousness: The attempt to create one’s own righteousness through works mirrors a common human tendency to rely on personal merit instead of divine grace.

Insights from Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry asserts that righteousness, according to God’s standards, cannot be achieved through human efforts. He states that “to seek righteousness is commendable, but to establish one's own righteousness is perilous.”

Henry emphasizes the futility of human attempts to justify themselves before God, likening this endeavor to "building a tower without a foundation." He encourages reliance on Christ, who is the fulfilment of the law.

Insights from Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke elaborates on the phrase "submitting themselves" by explaining that true submission entails humility and acknowledgment of one’s inability to attain righteousness independently.

Clarke remarks that the Jews sought to be justified by adherence to the law and rituals, failing to embrace the grace offered through the gospel. He adds that the righteousness of God is revealed through faith, contrasting earthly works with divine grace.

Insights from Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes provides a detailed exposition on the concept of righteousness. He notes that “the righteousness of God” refers to that which God bestows upon believers rather than what one can earn.

Barnes states that the Jewish people, despite their zealous devotion, were misguided in believing that their ancestry and observance of the law could secure their standing before God. He calls attention to the fact that righteousness is a gift, accessed by faith.

Theological Implications

This verse serves as a cornerstone for understanding the doctrine of justification. It highlights the necessity for believers to recognize their own inadequacy and to depend wholly on Christ for righteousness.

• Justification by Faith: This principle is a vital aspect of Pauline theology, indicating that faith, not works, is the means by which one enters into a right relationship with God.
• Human Efforts vs. Divine Grace: The struggle of humanity to earn God’s favor reflects a deeper spiritual malaise; the need for grace through faith is paramount.

Practical Applications

For pastors, students, and theologians, Romans 10:3 serves as a reminder of the importance of understanding God’s righteousness. It challenges believers to introspect on their theological views about salvation and personal righteousness.

• Encouraging Dependency on Grace: Communicating the message that salvation comes through faith can free individuals from the bondage of self-righteousness.
• Doctrinal Teaching: Educating congregations about the distinction between law (works) and grace (faith) is essential for spiritual growth and maturity.

Conclusion

In Romans 10:3, Paul succinctly addresses the core issue of humanity’s struggle with sin and the quest for righteousness. The insights from Matthew Henry, Adam Clarke, and Albert Barnes provide a comprehensive understanding of the verse's significance within the greater context of salvation history.

May this commentary inspire deeper study and reflection on the grace of God, leading to transformational faith and reliance on Christ alone for righteousness.