Commentary on Romans 9:32
Text of Romans 9:32 (KJV): "Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;"
Introduction
The Apostle Paul's epistle to the Romans is a profound exploration of the concepts of faith, grace, and the righteousness that comes through Christ. In Romans 9:32, Paul addresses the critical issue of the Jews' response to the law and their failure to attain righteousness. This commentary synthesizes insights from public domain works to illuminate the theological significance of this verse.
The Nature of Righteousness
Paul articulates that the righteousness sought by the Jews was not attained through faith but rather through works of the law. This assertion reaffirms the Christian doctrine that righteousness is a gift of God acquired through faith in Jesus Christ rather than through human effort or adherence to the law.
Matthew Henry's Insights
Matthew Henry highlights that the Jews depended heavily on the Mosaic law, believing that their adherence to it would secure them righteousness. However, this legalistic approach led to their stumbling over Christ, who is portrayed as the "stumblingstone." Henry emphasizes that reliance on works rather than faith not only hinders the understanding of grace but also leads to spiritual blindness.
Albert Barnes on Faith and Works
Albert Barnes elaborates on the distinction between faith and works, asserting that the law was never meant as a means of achieving righteousness. Instead, it served to expose sin. He argues that the righteousness described in Romans is fundamentally a matter of believing in Jesus Christ and his redemptive work, contrasting sharply with reliance on one's merit as found in the law.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Stumbling Stone
Adam Clarke delves deeper into the metaphor of the "stumblingstone." He notes that Jesus is both the foundation and the barrier to salvation. For those who accept Him in faith, He is the cornerstone of their faith. However, for those who approach God through their works, Christ becomes a stumblingblock, preventing them from entering into the fullness of salvation.
Understanding the Context
To grasp the profundity of Romans 9:32, it is crucial to acknowledge its context within chapters 9-11, where Paul discusses God's sovereignty in election and His plan for Israel. The apostle's anguish over Israel’s unbelief underscores the importance of faith as central to the covenant relationship with God.
Theological Implications
- Faith vs. Works: The verse encapsulates a key thematic conflict in biblical theology: the tension between the old covenant (law) and the new covenant (faith in Christ).
- Israel’s Stumbling: The reference to stumbling illustrates Israel’s failure to recognize Jesus as the Messiah, indicating a broader theme of spiritual blindness.
- Universal Access to Righteousness: By highlighting that righteousness is obtained through faith, Paul opens the door for Gentiles, emphasizing God's grace extended beyond the Jewish nation.
Practical Applications
Paul's words serve as a reminder for contemporary believers regarding the nature of faith. Here are several applications for spiritual leaders and scholars:
- Encouraging Faith over Works: Pastors should emphasize the importance of a faith-centered relationship with God rather than a performance-driven approach.
- Teaching about Grace: In discussing salvation, it's vital to convey that it is not based on human efforts but rather God's unmerited favor.
- Addressing Spiritual Blindness: The church can learn to minister to those who, like the ancient Israelites, may be blinded by tradition or legalism, calling them to a living faith in Christ.
Conclusion
Romans 9:32 serves as a poignant reminder of the disparity between the righteousness sought through the law and that which comes through faith. The insights from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke collectively emphasize the necessity of faith, the danger of legalism, and the gracious invitation extended to all who believe. This verse invites pastors, students, and theologians alike to engage deeply with the truths of the Gospel, ensuring that faith remains at the forefront of their ministry and study.
