Commentary on 1 Samuel 17:42

Verse: "And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance."

Introduction

This verse introduces the pivotal confrontation between David, a young shepherd, and Goliath, the feared champion of the Philistines. It encapsulates themes of perception, strength, and divine favor. Various commentators provide insights into the complexities of this encounter, illustrating its significance in the broader narrative of God's sovereignty and the nature of true strength.

Contextual Background

Before diving into the specifics of the verse, it is essential to recognize the historical and theological context:

• Philistines vs. Israelites: This conflict reflects the ongoing struggle between Israel and the Philistines, showcasing issues of identity, faith, and divine intervention.
• David's Anointing: David was just recently anointed by Samuel, which paints his act against Goliath as a display of God’s chosen leadership rather than personal ambition.

Observations from Commentaries

Matthew Henry

Henry emphasizes the stark contrast between David, the young shepherd, and Goliath, the seasoned warrior. He notes:

• David’s Youth: Henry suggests that David's youth signifies the fresh spirit and vitality that accompanies faith, where God often chooses the weak to confound the strong (c.f. 1 Corinthians 1:27).
• Goliath’s Disdain: The Philistine's scornful attitude marks a common human tendency to judge worth by physical appearance and experience. Goliath's dismissive remarks reflect the arrogance of those who trust solely in their strength.

Albert Barnes

Barnes addresses the characteristics of David, described as "ruddy" and of "fair countenance." He states:

• Physical Attributes: The description points to David’s health and vitality, which, while seemingly insignificant, can be seen as a metaphor for inner strength stemming from a deep relationship with God.
• Divine Selection: Barnes argues that God often uses those who appear weak by worldly standards for His greater purposes, hence the significance of David's selection as champion.

Adam Clarke

Clarke highlights the psychological aspects of the encounter, discussing Goliath's role as a representative of the enemies of God:

• Goliath's Perception: Goliath's judgment of David as merely a boy signifies the spiritual blindness that often accompanies pride and reliance on physical prowess.
• David’s Identity: Clarke points out that David's identity in the Lord supersedes his physical characteristics, indicating that true valor comes from faith, not stature.

Theological Insights

This encounter and the disdain reflected in Goliath's words bring several theological themes to the forefront:

• God’s Sovereignty: The narrative underlines God’s control over the affairs of men, where human evaluation differs from divine purpose.
• Faith vs. Fear: David exemplifies the principle that faith in God enables one to confront challenges boldly, contrasting with the fear that dominates Goliath's side.
• Divine Favor on the Underdog: The scripture illustrates a profound truth in how God often elevates the humble and the weak to demonstrate His power and glory.

Practical Applications

The implications of 1 Samuel 17:42 resonate deeply with contemporary audiences. Here are a few practical lessons:

• Value of Inner Strength: Encourage believers to seek strength from their relationship with God instead of relying solely on outward appearances or worldly accolades.
• Faith Over Fear: Build on the theme that faith in God can empower individuals to face their “giants,” despite any perceived weaknesses.
• God Uses the Unlikely: Remind congregants that God often chooses the unexpected to fulfill His purposes, thus, each person has value in God's plan.

Conclusion

1 Samuel 17:42 is not merely a description of a youth before a giant; it is a profound commentary on faith, identity, and the nature of God’s work through human history. As pastors, students, theologians, and scholars reflect upon this verse, they are invited to consider how the truths encapsulated in this confrontation apply to their lives and ministries today. The disdain of Goliath serves as a stark reminder that the wisdom of this world often overlooks the true power and strength found in humility and unwavering faith in the Lord.