Commentary on Acts 1:15

Introduction

Acts 1:15 states, "In those days Peter stood up among the believers (a group numbering about a hundred and twenty) and said, ..." This verse marks a pivotal moment in the early Church, as the apostles gather to seek God's will following the ascension of Jesus. This commentary synthesizes insights from public domain theologians such as Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke.

Contextual Background

The Book of Acts serves as a bridge between the Gospels and the letters of the apostles, detailing the rise of the early Church after the resurrection and ascension of Christ. The first chapter emphasizes the transition from Jesus' earthly ministry to the Church's mission. Peter's leadership is highlighted in this portion, demonstrating his pivotal role in the formation of the early Christian community.

Peters' Leadership and the Assembly of Believers

Commentators agree on the crucial role of Peter in this early gathering.

• Matthew Henry notes that Peter's initiative to stand up displays his emerging role as a leader among the apostles, suggesting the necessity of strong leadership in the formation of the Church.
• Albert Barnes emphasizes that Peter addressed the entire assembly, which numbered approximately 120, indicating the early Church's size and the seriousness of their mission.
• Adam Clarke suggests that the unity of believers, as represented by this group, was foundational for the Church’s strength and resilience.

The Role of the Holy Spirit

This passage foreshadows the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, which empowers the believers. The urgency of their gathering is underlined by their anticipation of the promised Holy Spirit.

• Henry highlights that the apostles were in a state of prayerful anticipation, showing their reliance on God's promise and the importance of spiritual preparation.
• Barnes points out that the need for divine guidance is paramount, especially when making significant decisions, a theme that resonates throughout Acts.
• Clarke elaborates on the expectation of the Spirit's coming, suggesting that this moment cemented their reliance on God for direction.

Significance of the Number 120

Commentators discuss the symbolic significance of the number of believers present.

• Barnes notes that the figure exemplifies a start for the Church, which would grow exponentially following Pentecost.
• Henry connects this group to the faithful remnant concept found in the Old Testament, emphasizing God's work through a small number of faithful individuals.
• Clarke reflects on the idea that transformation often starts small, advocating for the belief that even a few faithful can enact significant change.

Conclusion

Acts 1:15 serves as a profound insight into the early Church’s dynamics, underlining the necessity of leadership, unity, and dependence on the Holy Spirit. The reflections offered by Henry, Barnes, and Clarke reveal the layers of meaning embedded in this brief but powerful moment. As this passage foreshadows the momentous events of Pentecost, it calls pastors, theologians, and scholars to remember the critical nature of preparation, prayer, and the community’s role in following divine guidance.