Bible Commentary on Daniel 4:21

Verse Context: Daniel 4:21 states, "And whose is the dominion of the earth." This verse, part of Nebuchadnezzar's dream and its interpretation, signifies God’s ultimate authority over earthly kingdoms.

Historical Background

The Book of Daniel is set during the Babylonian exile, when Israel was under the dominion of foreign powers. Nebuchadnezzar, a significant figure in this context, ruled Babylon and experienced a profound transformation in his understanding of divine sovereignty, particularly illustrated in this chapter.

Commentary Insights

This verse encapsulates the overarching theme of God's sovereignty and dominion. It highlights God's ultimate control over the kingdoms of men, a critical assertion for both the Jewish exiles and contemporary readers.

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Henry emphasizes God’s power and authority. He remarks that the dominion of the earth is established by the Lord, who “gives it to whomsoever He will.” God can raise up rulers and bring them low according to His will. This reflects the justice and sovereignty of God in temporal affairs and teaches humility in human governance.

Albert Barnes' Interpretation

Barnes points out that this verse serves as a reminder of the transitory nature of earthly kingdoms. He writes that despite Nebuchadnezzar's apparent power, he is ultimately subject to the divine will. The king’s acknowledgment of God’s dominion signifies a crucial turning point—recognizing his dependence on the sovereignty of God rather than his own strength.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Clarke presents the idea that God's ordination of kings and kingdoms serves a greater purpose in His divine plan. He discusses the significance of divine intervention in human affairs, suggesting that all political power is a manifestation of God's providence. God's authoritative reign assures believers that no earthly authority operates outside the parameters of divine oversight.

Theological Implications

• Sovereignty of God: This verse is a powerful testament to God’s sovereignty. It calls believers to recognize that all authority stems from God, who knows the hearts and minds of rulers.
• Humility and Human Governance: The verse encourages humility among leaders and reminds us that earthly authority is fleeting. Rulers should govern with the understanding that they are under the supreme authority of God.
• Encouragement for the Faithful: For those facing oppression or suffering under unjust rulers, this verse reassures that God is ultimately in control and that He will enact justice in His timing.

Practical Applications

This passage encourages both leaders and subjects in different ways:

• For Leaders: Recognize the source of authority and govern with integrity, knowing that they are stewards of God’s power.
• For Christians: Maintain faith and hope in God’s sovereignty, especially during times of political upheaval and uncertainty.
• For Theologians and Students: Analyze the implications of divine sovereignty in light of socio-political contexts and biblical narratives.

Conclusion

Daniel 4:21 serves as an enduring reminder of God's dominion over all the earth. It encourages a reverent understanding of His sovereignty and challenges both leaders and followers to acknowledge their roles within His divine plan. By studying this verse through the eyes of Henry, Barnes, and Clarke, we glean insights that are both historically relevant and theologically profound, guiding believers in their daily lives and their approach to authority.