Commentary on Deuteronomy 10:4

Verse: "And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the Lord spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the Lord gave them unto me." (Deuteronomy 10:4)

Introduction

This verse presents a pivotal moment in Israel's history, where God re-establishes His covenant with His people through Moses. The re-inscription of the Ten Commandments signifies not only a restoration of the law after the grievous sin of the golden calf but also reinforces the enduring nature of God's covenantal relationship with Israel. Commentaries from respected theologians provide insight into the significance of this event.

Historical Context

According to Matthew Henry, the commandment given at Mount Sinai served as the foundation of Israel's identity and moral framework. The verse recalls the original giving of the law, emphasizing the seriousness of their transgressions (the idol worship) and God's grace in renewing the covenant. Albert Barnes adds that the re-instruction of the laws reflects God's desire for His people to live in accordance with His will, notwithstanding their past failures.

The Significance of the Tables

The tables of stone occupied a sacred place in Israelite culture, symbolizing the permanence and divine origin of the commandments. As noted by Adam Clarke, the re-writing of the commandments emphasizes God's unwavering commitment to His people. This act serves to remind both leaders and followers that the commandments were not merely human laws, but divine instructions meant for their spiritual and communal wellbeing.

The Ten Commandments as Covenant

• Divine Authority: The commandment's origin is firmly anchored in God’s voice and His presence during the assembly (Henry). This showcases the authority of the law, separating it from human ordinances.
• Community Structure: Clarke emphasizes that these commandments are the bedrock for community standards and behavior, calling the Israelites to a higher moral code that reflects their relationship with God.
• Guidance for Life: Barnes highlights the timeless relevance of these commandments, presenting them as a guide not just for Israel but for all humanity's moral compass.

The Day of Assembly

This phrase holds particular significance. Matthew Henry interprets that the "day of assembly" refers to the communal gathering at Sinai, where God's people encountered divine revelation. Clarke notes that such gatherings reflect a collective responsibility to uphold the covenant and the laws that come with it. The community aspect of the law implies that individual actions impact the collective community before God.

The Element of Fire

The mention of God speaking "out of the midst of the fire" indicates His holiness and the sublime nature of His presence. Albert Barnes comments that fire symbolizes purification, emphasizing that God's commandments are designed to refine the hearts of His people. This purification process is crucial for Israel as they navigate their identity as a chosen nation amidst surrounding pagan cultures.

The Nature of God’s Relationship with Israel

The act of rewriting the tablets reflects both God’s mercy and His expectation for Israel. Adam Clarke articulates that even after sin, God remains committed to His promises. This is a powerful testament to God’s character as one who desires reconciliation and restoration. Furthermore, Henry points out that God’s laws are designed to guide believers into a deeper relationship with Him, underlining the transformative power of obedience.

Application for Today’s Believers

• Covenant Community: Just as the Israelites were a covenant community, today's believers are called to exist within the body of Christ, reflecting the values and laws of the kingdom.
• Divine Guidance: Much like the Israelites received their guidance through God's commandments, modern believers look to Scripture for direction in a world filled with moral ambiguity.
• Holiness and Separation: The holiness emphasized through the reference to fire reminds believers of their call to live distinctly, informed by the ethical and moral standards laid out in Scripture.

Conclusion

Deuteronomy 10:4 encapsulates the essence of God’s relationship with Israel through the reaffirmation of His law. As seen through insights from these respected commentators, the implications of this passage extend beyond historical context to influence the spiritual lives of believers today. The commandments serve as both a reminder of God’s grace in forgiveness and a call to live a life reflective of His holiness. The promise of divine guidance and relationship remains central to both ancient and contemporary faith communities, urging all to a deeper understanding of God’s character and commands.