Exodus 10:21 Commentary

Exodus 10:21 states: "Then the LORD said to Moses, 'Stretch out your hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, darkness to be felt.'" This verse marks the ninth plague upon Egypt, where God demonstrates His unparalleled power over creation and the gods of Egypt.

Understanding the Context

This plague of darkness was not merely a physical darkness but represents a deeper spiritual significance. In the ancient Near East, light often symbolized life, knowledge, and the divine presence, whereas darkness symbolized death, ignorance, and abandonment by the Divine.

The Nature of the Darkness

According to Matthew Henry, this darkness was extraordinary, emphasizing that it was a darkness that could be felt. It was likely more than a mere lack of light; it was a profound darkness that brought despair to the Egyptians. The darkness not only paralyzed their daily lives but also demonstrated God's sovereignty over the forces of nature.

Theological Implications

Albert Barnes remarks that darkness can symbolize divine judgment. God’s imposition of darkness upon Egypt signifies a severe punishment for their unrelenting disobedience. It serves as a reflection of God’s righteous judgment on those who reject Him. This darkness is a clear contrast to the Israelites who had light in their dwellings, showcasing God's protection over His chosen people.

Darkness and Idolatry

Adam Clarke notes that the Egyptians were deeply engaged in idolatry that involved sun worship. The sun god, Ra, was a predominant deity in Egyptian mythology, and this plague directly challenged their religious beliefs. It illustrates that the God of Israel is superior even to the mightiest of the Egyptian gods.

Moses' Role as Mediator

The action of Moses stretching out his hand toward heaven signifies his role as a mediator between God and Pharaoh. This act of obedience demonstrates how God's power is exercised through human agency. Moses serves not only as a prophet but also as a leader who intercedes for his people.

Lessons for Believers

• The Power of God: This event drives home the power of God over creation and the limitations of earthly authorities.
• Spiritual Consequences of Rejection: It illustrates the consequences of blindly rejecting God’s authority and engaging in idolatry.
• Call to Mediation: Moses’ intercession reminds believers of the importance of seeking God’s presence and advocating on behalf of others.

Conclusion

Exodus 10:21 is a pivotal moment in the narrative of the Exodus, demonstrating God’s judgment, power, and protection. The darkness that enveloped Egypt is not only a sign of divine authority but also a call to discern the spiritual darkness that can exist in the hearts of individuals and nations who turn away from God. Understanding this verse in its full context encourages pastors, students, theologians, and scholars to reflect on the nature of divine judgment and grace in their own lives and ministries.