Exodus 27:1 - Commentary and Insights

Verse: "And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be four square: and the height thereof shall be three cubits."

Introduction

Exodus 27:1 presents God's detailed instructions regarding the construction of the altar for burnt offerings within the Tabernacle. This verse serves as a key element in understanding the sacrificial system established in the Israelite worship and its theological implications.

General Observations

• Significance of the Altar: The altar is a fundamental part of the Israelite's religious life, symbolizing both the place of sacrifice and the meeting point between God and humanity.
• Materials Used: The choice of shittim wood—also known as acacia wood—indicates the importance of durability and resistance to decay, reflecting the enduring nature of God’s covenant.
• Measurements: The specified dimensions of five cubits by five cubits, forming a square, signify completeness and perfection in performance.
• Height and Shape: At three cubits high, the altar is accessible while being elevated enough to indicate the seriousness and solemnity of the sacrifices offered thereon.

Insights from Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry emphasizes that the altar signifies both God's mercy and justice. The sacrifices offered on this altar were a means for atonement, showcasing God's desire to maintain a relationship with His people despite sin. He notes:

• The altar is a type of Christ, who became the ultimate sacrifice for humanity.
• It represents the accessibility of God—the altar was a place where man's sin could be addressed and forgiveness obtained.

Insights from Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes provides historical and ritualistic context regarding the altar's function in Israelite worship. He points out:

• Cultural Context: The altar was essential not just for this nomadic people but provided a central focus for their worship, illustrating community and sacrifice.
• Symbolism: Barnes notes the altar’s height represented the elevation of spiritual aspirations while still being a practical design for use.
• Divine instruction: The detailed specifications underscore God's authority and the need for obedience among His people.

Insights from Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke dives deeply into the construction details, asserting that such specifications were crucial for the Israelites' understanding of holiness and the sacred nature of worship. He articulates:

• Material symbolism: The shittim wood symbolizes resilience, while its use affirms the need for offerings to come from what is costly and valuable.
• Altar as a meeting point: Clarke indicates that the altar serves as a representation of Christ's mediation, making a way for believers to approach God.

Theological Implications

This verse, while focused on a physical structure, extends profound theological meanings relevant to modern readers:

• Typology of Christ: The altar prefigures Jesus Christ, our ultimate sacrifice, indicating that all Old Testament sacrifices pointed towards Him.
• God's holiness: The precise instructions reflect God's holiness, reminding believers that worship must be aligned with divine revelation.
• Access to God: The concept of a physical altar symbolizes believers' access to God through Christ, breaking down the barriers caused by sin.

Practical Applications

For pastors, students, and theologians, this commentary on Exodus 27:1 serves as a springboard for deeper exploration of themes related to worship, sacrifice, and the nature of God's covenant. Consider the following applications:

• Worship Principles: Understand the importance of preparing one's heart for worship in light of the holiness represented by the altar.
• Emphasizing Sacrifice: Foster a culture in congregations that values sacrificial living, echoing the principles established by the altar.
• Integrating Old and New Covenants: Teach about the continuity between the Old Testament structures and New Testament fulfillment in Christ.
• Community Worship: Reinforce the altar's role not only as a personal place of sacrifice but a communal focal point for collective worship experiences.

Conclusion

Exodus 27:1 encapsulates rich insights into the nature of worship, sacrifice, and the holiness of God. Through the collective voices of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, it is clear that the construction and instruction surrounding the altar is not merely about religious practice but reveals profound truths about God’s character and His redemptive plan for humanity. The altar stands as a testament to God's longing for relationship with His creation and the lengths to which He will go to bring that relationship to fruition.