Introduction

The verse Exodus 3:21 presents a pivotal moment in the narrative of Israel's deliverance from Egypt. The promise made by God to Moses signifies not only divine intervention but also foreshadows the favor that God's people will receive as they prepare to leave bondage. This commentary synthesizes insights from leading public domain scholars.

Theological Significance

In this promise, one observes several layers of theological significance:

• Divine Favor: God explicitly states that He will give the Israelites favor in the eyes of the Egyptians. This indicates a supernatural alteration of human disposition, showcasing God's sovereignty over the hearts of people.
• Provision: The assurance that they will not leave empty-handed reveals God's intention to provide not only spiritual but also material sustenance for His chosen people.
• Fulfillment of Covenant: This provision and favor are seen as the fulfillment of God's covenant with Abraham regarding the descendants of Israel and their eventual exodus from oppression.

Commentary Highlights

Matthew Henry

According to Matthew Henry, God's assertion that His people will receive favor in the eyes of the Egyptians underscores the belief that God can influence the hearts and minds of those He chooses to. He emphasizes that this favor is not merely for the sake of leaving, but to enrich the Israelites as they embark on their journey of liberation. Henry also points to the idea of divine provision, stating that God is preparing His people not only for freedom but also for the establishment of a new life in a promised land.

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes notes that the Egyptians’ favorable disposition towards the Israelites serves as an essential aid for their exodus. He highlights that this divine favor is meant to ensure that the Israelites, in their journey toward freedom, are sufficiently equipped for their forthcoming challenges. Barnes emphasizes the generosity that will characterize the Egyptians, which will reflect God's power and intent to bless His people abundantly as they transition from servitude to promised inheritance.

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke delves into the sociocultural implications of this divine promise. He acknowledges that the Egyptians held wealth and resources that would benefit the Israelites as they leave slavery. Clarke elaborates that the act of Israelite women requesting silver and gold from their Egyptian neighbors would not only serve as compensation for their years of labor but would also contribute to the formulation of a people ready for worship and service to the Lord, indicating a spiritual and national transition.

Application for Today

For pastors, students, theologians, and scholars studying Exodus 3:21, several applications emerge:

• Understanding Divine Favor: This passage serves as a reminder of God's ability to favor His people, often in unexpected circumstances. It encourages believers to trust in God's sovereignty and provision.
• Spiritual and Material Provision: The duality of God’s provision for both material and spiritual needs is crucial. This can inspire a holistic approach in ministry, ensuring that both physical needs and spiritual growth are addressed.
• The Role of Community: The interaction between the Israelites and Egyptians reflects the relational dynamics influenced by God's hand. It highlights the importance of community as God's people engage with the world, emphasizing the balance of dependence on God while navigating earthly relationships.

Conclusion

Exodus 3:21 encapsulates a significant promise that not only marks a transformation for the Israelites but also serves as an intricate part of the greater narrative of redemption. Through the insights of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we glean both theological depth and practical application from this verse. It challenges and encourages contemporary believers to recognize God's hand in their lives and to anticipate His provision as they journey in faith.