Commentary on Genesis 46:34

Bible Verse: "You shall say, 'Your servants have been keepers of livestock from our youth even until now, both we and our fathers,' that you may dwell in the land of Goshen, for every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians."

Contextual Overview

This verse is situated in a pivotal moment in the narrative of Genesis, where Jacob (Israel) and his family are preparing to relocate to Egypt due to famine. God has orchestrated this migration, guiding Jacob via His providence. The reference to shepherds bears significant cultural implications in the Egyptian society of that time.

Insights from Commentaries

• Matthew Henry emphasizes the wisdom of Joseph in instructing his family on how to navigate the cultural sensitivities of Egypt. He notes that:

  "Joseph understood the biases of the Egyptians and directed his family to give a profession that would allow them to settle in Goshen, a region favorable for their lifestyle." This reflects Joseph's strategic thinking and care for his family's well-being.

  Henry further explains the idea of shepherds being an 'abomination' in Egypt was rooted in the Egyptians' disdain for pastoral life, considering agriculture to be more noble. By presenting themselves this way, Jacob's family could both align themselves with their own heritage and protect themselves from discrimination.

• Albert Barnes provides a deeper theological insight into the significance of being keepers of livestock. He elaborates on how:

  "The occupation of herding correlates with the Biblical theme of God as the Shepherd of His people." This connection highlights the calling of shepherds as not only physical caregivers but also spiritual leaders.

  Barnes also mentions that the occupation would serve a dual purpose – as a means of survival while allowing the family to maintain their identity amidst a foreign culture.

• Adam Clarke articulates the historical setting of shepherds in a broader context, noting that:

  "Egyptians looked down upon those who herded cattle, as this was often associated with the nomadic tribes, contrary to the settled agricultural lifestyle favored by the Egyptians." Clarke stresses that this aversion creates a protective barrier for the Israelites; by identifying as shepherds, they are less likely to be integrated into Egyptian society, thus maintaining their distinctiveness.

  Clarke also points out the prophetic nature of their position; the Israelites would remain separate until the time for their deliverance came, an essential theme throughout the Hebrew Scriptures.

Thematic Implications

The themes in Genesis 46:34 can be expanded upon in several directions:

• Identity and Cultural Distinction: The narrative illustrates the importance of cultural identity and the ways in which God sustains His people in foreign contexts.
• Divine Providence in Migration: The verse serves as a reminder of God’s providential care, as the family of Jacob moves into a land that is simultaneously foreign yet part of God's plan.
• The Role of Family and Unity: Jacob’s family unity in this migration emphasizes the communal aspect of faith and the necessity of standing together as they face outside cultural pressures.

Conclusion

Genesis 46:34 is rich with theological and practical implications for readers today. It reminds us of the complexities of living out our faith in a secular world. By reflecting on the insights of esteemed commentators, we gain a deeper understanding of the historical and spiritual contexts involved. Pastors, students, theologians, and scholars alike can draw from this passage important lessons on identity, God's providence, and the call to live distinctively even as we navigate challenging cultural landscapes.