Introduction

John 5:21 is pivotal in understanding the relationship between the Father and the Son, as well as the authority of Christ in matters of spiritual life and resurrection. This verse captures the essential union and working of the Trinity, showcasing the divine prerogative of Jesus to impart life.

Exegetical Insights

• Matthew Henry:

  Henry emphasizes the absolute authority of Christ in spiritual matters, indicating that just as the Father has the power to raise the dead, so does the Son. This demonstrates the equality of the Father and Son, affirming Christ's divine nature and His role in both the physical and spiritual resurrection.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes notes that the phrase "gives life to whom He will" signifies the sovereign authority of Christ in bestowing life. He argues that this reflects the act of regeneration, where Christ, through His will and divine authority, brings people from death to life spiritually.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke elaborates on the idea of resurrection not only as a physical act but also in a metaphorical sense of spiritual awakening. He connects this verse to the broader theme of salvation, illustrating how Jesus evokes spiritual resurrection in believers, granting them new life through faith.

Theological Themes

• The Trinity's Cooperation:

  This verse underscores the cooperative work of the Father and the Son in the act of giving life. The relationship between divine persons does not diminish the uniqueness of each; instead, it highlights the oneness of purpose in the triune God.

• Christ's Authority:

  Here we see a clear declaration of Jesus’ divine authority. He does not rely on the Father for life but possesses it inherently. This assertion is crucial for understanding Christ's divine nature and importance in salvation history.

• Life through Christ:

  The phrase "to whom He will" suggests the unmerited nature of this life. As such, it points to the grace involved in resurrection, highlighting that life is freely given by Christ based on His will, underscoring divine grace.

Application for Believers

• Assurance of Salvation:

  Understanding that Christ gives life to whom He will should provide believers with assurance of their salvation. It is a reminder that their spiritual life is sustained not by their efforts but by the sovereign will of Christ.

• Call to Evangelism:

  Recognizing the authority of Jesus to grant life encourages believers to evangelize. If Christ has the authority to raise the dead, He can also change hearts—prompting believers to share the Gospel with confidence.

• Worship and Praise:

  This text invites contemplation of the majesty of God and should inspire worship. The ability of the Son to bestow life is a profound truth that evokes gratitude and leads to a deeper appreciation of His sacrifice.

Conclusion

John 5:21 is a remarkable assertion of the power and authority of Jesus Christ as the giver of life. Through the insights of esteemed commentators, we gain a more profound understanding of this text's theological significance. As pastors, students, and scholars delve into this passage, it serves as a reminder of the divine work within the Trinity and the assurance that life, both physical and spiritual, comes from the Lord alone.