Commentary on Numbers 20:21

Verse Context: Numbers 20:21 states, “Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border: wherefore Israel turned away from him.” This verse occurs during the Israelites' wanderings in the wilderness, specifically as they approach the land of Edom, which is significant in the historical and theological context of the Israelites' journey to the Promised Land.

Overview of Edom's Response

The refusal of Edom to grant passage to Israel highlights both the ongoing tension between the descendants of Jacob (Israel) and Esau (Edom) and the complexities surrounding relationships in the ancient Near Eastern context.

Historical Background

Matthew Henry elucidates the familial relationship between Jacob and Esau, emphasizing that the animosity between their descendants can be traced back to the biblical narratives found in Genesis. The Edomites were the descendants of Esau, and their refusal reflects longstanding animosities.

Theological Implications

Albert Barnes expounds on the theological implications of Edom's refusal. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of sin and the divisions that can arise from generational conflicts. This event was not merely a political border dispute but a reflection of God's sovereignty and the unfolding of His plan for Israel amidst human relationships.

Significance of Israel's Reaction

The response of Israel—turning away from Edom—can be seen as a lesson in humility and restraint. Adam Clarke notes that instead of forcefully demanding entrance, Israel respected Edom’s decision, which demonstrates the importance of maintaining peace and avoiding conflict where possible, particularly when walking in accordance with God’s will.

Insights from Commentators

• Matthew Henry:

  Henry points out that this incident underscores the necessity of relying on God during trials. Despite their hardships, the Israelites turned away, which may symbolize their recognition of God’s authority and plan for them.

• Albert Barnes:

  Barnes emphasizes the implications of Edom’s refusal, suggesting that it serves as a foreshadowing of greater hostilities to come. He posits that, although they sought peaceful passage, the rejection reflects a hardened heart.

• Adam Clarke:

  Clarke bridges historical and spiritual insights, asserting that Israel’s approach to Edom could be seen as a model for contemporary believers on how to handle opposition. Israel's humility and restraint exemplify Christian virtues in the face of adversity.

Lessons for Today

This passage offers several lessons relevant to pastors, students, theologians, and scholars:

• Handling Rejection:

  Just as Israel turned away from Edom's refusal, believers today must learn to accept and move on from rejection without resorting to hostility.

• The Importance of Peace:

  Striving for peaceful relations is crucial. It confirms that, while we may face opposition, there is strength in yielding and recognizing God’s overarching plan.

• Recognition of God’s Sovereignty:

  This episode illustrates that God is sovereign over hostile situations, reminding believers that even when doors close, God's purposes will ultimately prevail.

Conclusion

Numbers 20:21 encapsulates a pivotal moment in Israel's journey, laden with historical significance and profound theological implications. Through the insights of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we glean essential truths about human relationships, divine sovereignty, and the spirit of humility that should characterize the lives of believers. As scholars and theologians reflect on this passage, its multifaceted nuances encourage a deeper understanding of the complexities of faith in the face of adversity.