Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry emphasizes the significance of the sin offering represented in this verse. He notes that the kid of the goats symbolizes the innocent bearing the guilt of the guilty. This sin offering serves as a reminder of God's desire for reconciliation between Himself and His people.

• Atonement: Henry highlights that the call for atonement is pivotal. It underscores the nature of sin and the necessary means by which God's justice and mercy intersect.
• Symbolism of Sacrifice: The use of a goat signifies the transfer of sin onto a substituted sacrificial victim, reflecting the Levitical principle that life is in the blood, which God had given for atonement.
• Collective Responsibility: The sin offering is not just for individuals but for the entire community, reminding the Israelites of their collective need for repentance and purification.

Henry concludes with the notion that each offering, particularly during feasts, is a chance for the people of God to reaffirm their covenant relationship with Him through acts of worship and recognition of their need for pardon.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Albert Barnes provides a thorough exposition of the sacrificial system, particularly focusing on this sin offering. He remarks that the kid of the goats was to be offered specifically for atonement, highlighting the necessity of sacrifice for sin.

• Characteristics of the Offering: Barnes points out that the offering must be unblemished, signifying the requirement for holiness and perfection when coming before God.
• The Role of the Priest: The act of the priest in offering this sacrifice is a mediator role, which prefigures the ultimate high priest, Christ, who would make the final sacrifice for humanity.
• Overall Theme of Atonement: He connects this sin offering to the larger narrative of atonement throughout Scripture, leading to the New Testament fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who serves as both priest and sacrifice.

Barnes encourages readers to see this ritual not merely as a historical account but as part of the eternal truth of God's plan for salvation through Christ.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke's exposition elaborates on the nature and purpose of the sin offering mentioned in Numbers 29:19. He discusses the kid of the goats as a significant representation of the sin offering prescribed in the Law.

• Significance of the Goat: Clarke explains that goats, often symbolizing sin and transgression, were chosen for this offering to denote the taking away of sin.
• Meaning of Atonement: He reiterates that atonement is a vital theological theme present throughout biblical texts, focusing on reconciliation with God as a primary objective of this rite.
• Worship in Atonement: Clarke emphasizes that the request for atonement is not only about cleansing from sin but also about the worshipful relationship maintained between the Israelites and God.

Clarke’s insights lead to a broader understanding of how atonement serves as an entry into God's presence, both in the Old and New Testaments, culminating in the sacrificial work of Christ.