Commentary on Romans 11:35

Verse (Romans 11:35): “Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again?”

Introduction

Romans 11:35 is a rhetorical question posed by the Apostle Paul that emphasizes the nature of God’s grace and the dependency of all creation on Him. This commentary synthesizes insights from various public domain commentaries to provide a comprehensive understanding of this profound statement.

Contextual Background

The Apostle Paul, in Romans 11, addresses the mystery of God's dealings with Israel and the Gentiles. He expresses a deep understanding of God's sovereign choosing and the unsearchable judgments of God. This verse arises in a context of worship (Romans 11:33-36) where Paul extols the wisdom and knowledge of God.

Exegesis of the Verse

The question “Or who hath first given to him?” invokes an issue of divine reciprocity. Paul implies that no one can give anything to God that would obligate Him to repay. The entire idea underscores the principle that God is self-sufficient and not dependent on any external giver.

Insights from Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry expounds that this verse teaches us about the debt of creation to the Creator. He highlights the contrast between God's immeasurable gifts and our limited ability to give or contribute. Henry asserts that God's grace is not conditioned upon human action, stating, “All that we have is of God; it is more of him to give than to receive.”

Insights from Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes emphasizes the rhetorical nature of the question indicating that it is designed to communicate that God's grace is entirely unmerited. Barnes writes about the philosophical implications of the divine economy, noting that human beings are “drawn to receive divine blessings, not to provide them.” He stresses the futility of thinking that our gifts could in any way compel God to act on our behalf.

Insights from Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke offers a linguistic and theological analysis of the verse, indicating that “first” implies precedence in giving. Clarke explains that it is, in fact, God alone who is the premier giver, as He initiates every interaction with humanity. He reinforces that God’s grace is supremely sovereign and emphasizes that human merit plays no role in divine favor.

Theological Implications

• Grace and Sovereignty: This verse profoundly illustrates that God's grace operates independently of human merit, highlighting the sovereignty of God in salvation.
• Human Dependency: The rhetorical question reveals humanity's total dependency on God. It emphasizes that we are not in a position to barter with the Creator.
• Worship and Praise: Paul’s doxology prior to this verse encourages believers to respond with worship, recognizing that all glory belongs to God, and everything received is a gift.

Practical Applications

This verse has significant implications for both personal faith and communal worship:

• Humility in Service: Understanding that we do not give to God out of our abundance encourages believers to serve with humility and gratitude.
• Encouragement in Need: In times of lack or need, this verse can be a reminder that God’s ability to provide surpasses any human attempt to reciprocate.
• Focus on Worship: Believers should engage in worship with the recognition of God’s unmerited grace, leading to a life of thanksgiving and awe.

Conclusion

Romans 11:35 serves as a powerful reminder of the nature of God's generosity and the fundamental truth of His grace. Through a synthesis of insights from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we see a multifaceted understanding that not only enriches theological education but also deepens personal faith. As we ponder who has first given to God, we are led to the profound realization of our total reliance on Him, inviting us to worship in humility and gratitude.