Romans 3:20 Commentary

Verse: Romans 3:20 - "Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin."

Introduction

The Apostle Paul, in his epistle to the Romans, lays a foundational understanding of justification and the purpose of the Law. Romans 3:20 encapsulates the essence of the Law's role in relation to sin and salvation, affirming that human effort is insufficient for righteousness before God.

The Purpose of the Law

Matthew Henry's Insights: Henry elucidates that the Law was intended to reveal sin rather than provide a means of justification. It serves as a mirror, highlighting the shortcomings of humanity. According to Henry, the Law does not empower sinners to achieve righteousness; rather, it exposes their sinful nature.

Albert Barnes’ Perspective: Barnes concurs, noting that the Law’s primary function is to establish moral standards and illuminate human transgressions. It signals the inherent inability of humanity to achieve righteousness through personal efforts, thereby directing individuals toward the need for divine grace.

Adam Clarke’s Commentary: Clarke reflects on the Jewish understanding of the Law, emphasizing that reliance on the Law for justification is a fundamental misapprehension. He states that the Law condemns all as transgressors, which lays bare the futility of seeking justification through one’s own actions.

No Flesh Justified

The term "no flesh" is all-encompassing, excluding any human being from being justified based on adherence to the Law. Each interpretation stresses the universality of sin and the necessity of grace.

• Matthew Henry: He argues that justification could not stem from human merit since all are guilty, affirming total dependence on God’s grace for salvation.
• Albert Barnes: Barnes highlights the implications of "no flesh," underscoring the failure of the Law to save or justify anyone due to the pervasive nature of sin.
• Adam Clarke: Clarke suggests that Paul’s emphasis on “no flesh” aims to eradicate any notion of human righteousness, pushing believers toward the necessity of God’s grace.

Knowledge of Sin

Paul also writes, "for by the law is the knowledge of sin." This phrase conveys that the Law does not merely prohibit sins; it also reveals the nature and gravity of sin itself.

• Matthew Henry: He points out that sin is not merely a breaking of the Law, but a much deeper issue of rebellion against God’s holiness. The Law serves to magnify sin, helping believers to grasp their need for redemption.
• Albert Barnes: Barnes explains that the Law illuminates sin by defining it clearly, which leads to a greater awareness of moral failure. This awareness ought to drive individuals to seek forgiveness and righteousness through faith.
• Adam Clarke: Clarke emphasizes that an understanding of sin is essential for recognizing the need for Christ’s atoning sacrifice, as only through Christ can one be relieved from the condemnation the Law brings.

Theological Implications

Romans 3:20 posits significant theological implications, particularly regarding mankind’s condition and God's redemptive plan.

• Doctrine of Justification: This verse serves as a cornerstone for the doctrine of justification by faith. No external works can merit salvation; it is a gift from God.
• Understanding Sin: The exposure of sin through the Law directs believers toward a true understanding of their spiritual state, inciting a response of repentance and faith in Christ.
• Role of Grace: The juxtaposition of Law and grace is pronounced in this passage. The inability of the Law to justify underscores the necessity of God's grace for salvation.

Practical Application

For pastors, students, theologians, and scholars, Romans 3:20 provides a profound framework for teaching about sin and grace.

• Preaching and Teaching: Emphasize the Law’s purpose in revealing sin, which leads to greater appreciation for the grace offered through Christ’s sacrifice.
• Personal Reflection: Encourage believers to reflect on their own lives regarding sin, reliance on works, and the need for trust in God's grace.
• Spiritual Leadership: As leaders, it is vital to communicate the compassion of Christ that meets us in our sin and the sufficiency of His grace for our justification.

Conclusion

Romans 3:20 is pivotal in understanding the relationship between the Law and the grace of God. Each commentary underscores a shared conviction that the Law serves to underline humanity's need for divine intervention through faith in Jesus Christ. This profound truth shapes the believer's journey, revealing the depth of sin while simultaneously illuminating the overwhelming grace available in Christ.