Commentary on Romans 4:16

Romans 4:16 states: "Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all." This verse encapsulates the profound theological argument of the Apostle Paul in his letter to the Romans concerning the relationship between faith, grace, and the promise of salvation.

Faith and Grace

Matthew Henry emphasizes that faith is the means through which grace is received. He posits that faith's role serves to nullify any works that individuals might attempt to contribute to their salvation. Since grace is unmerited favor, it cannot coexist with the law, which demands perfect obedience. Thus, Paul articulates that faith is integral to receiving the promise made to Abraham, which is ultimately fulfilled in Christ.

Albert Barnes elaborates on the necessity of faith for accessing grace. He notes that by this divine arrangement, God ensures that His promises are not confined to those who adhere strictly to the Mosaic Law but are available to all who believe. This universality of the promise reflects God’s desire for all humanity to partake in the blessings of His covenant.

The Promise and Its Certainty

Paul's declaration that the promise might be "sure to all the seed" suggests its reliability. Adam Clarke asserts that the promise extends beyond the physical descendants of Abraham to include all who exhibit the same faith that Abraham demonstrated. This faithful response to God's call confirms the promise's security, as it rests not upon human effort but divine faithfulness.

Abraham as the Father of Faith

Paul refers to Abraham as "the father of us all," which highlights a significant theological position. Matthew Henry notes that Abraham represents all believers, both Jew and Gentile, who are justified by faith. His faith, seen as the foundation of righteousness, positions him as a spiritual progenitor for those who embrace the principle of faith in God’s promises.

Two Classes of People

In this verse, Paul delineates two classes of people: those who are "of the law" and those "of the faith of Abraham." Albert Barnes observes that the term "seed" encompasses more than ethnic lineage; it illustrates that God’s covenant extends to all who share in Abraham's faith. This paradigm has significant implications for understanding the nature of the church and God's redemptive plan.

Theological Implications

• Justification by Faith: This passage underscores the core doctrine of justification by faith alone. It emphasizes that adherence to the law does not secure one’s standing before God, but rather, it is faith that lays hold of grace.
• Inclusivity of Salvation: The promise provided through faith is inclusive, breaking down barriers between Jew and Gentile. This universalism highlights God's gracious invitation to all humanity.
• The Assurance of God's Promises: The assurance of the promise reinforces the believer’s hope. Since it is based on God's unwavering fidelity, believers can rest in the certainty of salvation.

Conclusion

In summary, Romans 4:16 profoundly connects faith and grace while emphasizing the assurance provided through God’s promises. As Adam Clarke aptly notes, the passage aligns with the overarching narrative of Scripture, which showcases faith as the means by which God relates to humanity. The Apostle Paul calls believers to recognize Abraham’s faith as a model and foundational aspect of their relationship with God, inviting all to embrace the grace that comes through faith.