Old Testament
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Ruth 4:7 KJV
Now this was the manner in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning changing, for to confirm all things; a man plucked off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbor: and this was a testimony in Israel.
Ruth 4:7 Bible Commentary
Commentary on Ruth 4:7
Verse Reference: Ruth 4:7 - “Now this was the manner in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning changing, for to confirm all things, a man plucked off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour: and this was a testimony in Israel.”
Contextual Background
The book of Ruth is set during the time of the judges, a period characterized by moral decay and social chaos in Israel. The story showcases God's providence, grace, and the importance of kinsman-redeemer laws. This specific verse highlights the cultural practice of redemption and its legal connotations within Israeli society.
Cultural Significance
This verse illustrates a cultural custom wherein the act of removing a shoe symbolizes the formal transfer of rights and property. It signifies a legally binding agreement and indicates that the redeemer assumes responsibility for the obligations associated with the property in question.
Insights from Public Domain Commentaries
Matthew Henry's Commentary
Matthew Henry emphasizes the significance of this transaction as it relates to the theme of redemption not just as a legal concept but as one deeply rooted in God’s providential care for His people. He notes: “That which follows is a testimony to all who would act with fidelity. The pleasure of true redemption stems from understanding what it means to redeem and the commitment it entails.”
Henry further comments on the importance of clear witnesses in this transaction, stating: “In the presence of witnesses, every significant transaction gains validity, further emphasizing the covenant nature of relationships among God's people.”
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Barnes provides a detailed understanding of the kinsman-redeemer role, stating: “The act of plucking off a shoe and giving it to another was a solemn way of declaring that the responsibility for the land has been transferred.”
He comments on the implications of this act, emphasizing that it is a visible and enduring sign of the transfer of rights, stating: “This public demonstration served as a reminder that the obligations and privileges that accompany the land were now entrusted to the redeemer.”
Adam Clarke's Commentary
Adam Clarke elaborates on the custom, explaining that it encapsulated legal significance as well as social contract and honor: “The act displayed not only the completion of redeeming rites but also reflected the relational dynamics within families and tribes, binding them through the obligations of compassion and care.”
Clarke also points to the symbolic nature of the shoe, remarking that: “To remove a shoe signifies to give up one's right of possession, and this public act underscores the importance of personal and familial responsibility in the community.”
Theological Implications
This verse serves as a microcosm of the broader theme of redemption present in the Scriptures. It mirrors the larger narrative of redemption that unfolds in Christ, who became our ultimate kinsman-redeemer. The removal of the shoe and the act of confirming a covenant foreshadow the work of Jesus Christ in establishing a new covenant through His sacrifice.
Application for Today
- Understanding Redemption: This verse teaches us the depth of God's redemptive plan. Just as the shoe-signified transfer illustrates a formal commitment, believers are called to embody the same spirit of commitment in their relationships today.
- Community Responsibility: The act signifies that community members are expected to support one another. This is crucial for fostering Christian fellowship and accountability.
- Covenantal Relationships: Just as the act served as a testimony in Israel, Christians are reminded of their commitment to one another and the Lord in a covenant relationship, urging them to uphold their promises.