Commentary on 2 Corinthians 3:13

Verse: "And not as Moses, which put a veil over his face, that the children of Israel could not steadfastly look to the end of that which is abolished."

Introduction

In this verse, the Apostle Paul contrasts the old covenant, represented by Moses, with the new covenant in Christ. This distinction plays a crucial role in understanding the glory and permanence of the new covenant compared to the fading glory of the old. The commentaries of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke provide insightful perspectives that highlight the significance of this passage.

1. The Context of the Verse

This verse falls within a broader discourse concerning the apostolic ministry and the nature of the new covenant, introduced in 2 Corinthians 3:1-12. Paul emphasizes the difference between the letter of the law and the spirit of the gospel. The veil that Moses wore speaks to the inability of the Israelites to comprehend the full glory of God as revealed in the law, which was temporary and meant to culminate in Christ.

2. Exegesis and Insights

2.1 The Veil of Moses

Matthew Henry observes that the veil was a sign of separation and concealment. Moses covered his face because the glory was fading, symbolizing the impermanence of the law. This veil represents the spiritual blindness of the Israelites, who could not see past the shadows of the law to the greater revelation in Christ. The veil, therefore, serves as a metaphor for the lack of understanding of God's greater plan through Christ.

2.2 The Nature of the Old Covenant

Albert Barnes emphasizes that the old covenant was glorious but temporary; its glory was destined to fade. He asserts that the law was never intended to provide ultimate redemption but to point towards the coming Messiah. The fading glory of Moses' face illustrates the transitory nature of the old covenant, which was eventually fulfilled and surpassed by the glory of Christ.

2.3 The Contrast with the New Covenant

Adam Clarke makes a powerful distinction by elaborating on the nature of the new covenant. He writes that the glory of the new covenant is more glorious and will never fade. Where Moses' glory was temporary, the glory of the Spirit—given through Christ—endures. Unlike Moses, who veiled the fading glory, believers in Christ reflect a continuous glory which is transformative and everlasting.

3. Theological Implications

This verse has profound implications for understanding God's covenantal work in salvation history. The reference to Moses and the veil underscores the transition from law to grace. The old covenant was preparatory, guiding God’s people to appreciate the fullness of His promises through Christ.

3.1 Glory and Understanding

One significant aspect of Paul’s teaching here involves spiritual insight. The veil symbolizes a lack of understanding that persists whenever one relies solely on the law without Christ. Paul’s argument, as clarified by Henry, suggests that only through faith in Christ can one begin to see and appreciate the full glory of God.

3.2 The Role of the Spirit

Barnes indicates the fundamental role of the Holy Spirit in unveiling truth. The Spirit empowers believers to comprehend God’s word and His plan fully. Where the letter of the law might create barriers, the Spirit grants access to understanding and sustaining grace.

3.3 Eternal Perspective

Clarke notes the eternal significance of the new covenant as it pertains to believers' lives today. It encourages Christians to embrace the unveiling of God’s glory and to live in the light of that revelation. This view not only affirms the ongoing work of the Spirit but also frames believers’ identity within God’s redemptive history.

4. Practical Applications

The insights derived from this verse challenge and encourage pastors, students, theologians, and scholars to consider their understanding of God’s covenant and the implications for ministry today.

4.1 Ministry and Teaching

• Understanding the Audience: Like the Israelites, individuals may approach Scripture with veils of misunderstanding. Pastors and teachers must strive to present the gospel clearly, emphasizing the unveiling power of the Holy Spirit.
• Connecting with the Old Covenant: Exploring the relationship between the old and new covenants can deepen the understanding of the sufficiency of Christ’s work. Recognizing the law's role helps believers see the continuity of God's redemptive narrative.

4.2 Personal Reflection

• Self-examination: Believers are encouraged to ask whether they are living in the freedom afforded by the new covenant or whether old ways of thinking still influence their spiritual walk.
• Access to God: The idea of unveiled access to God prompts reflection on prayer life and the desire for deeper communion with Him through understanding the richness of His grace.

Conclusion

2 Corinthians 3:13 serves as a powerful reminder of the transition from the old covenant of fading glory to the new covenant of everlasting glory in Christ. The commentary insights from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke affirm that understanding this shift is crucial for spiritual growth and effective ministry. Believers are not only called to appreciate the grace embodied in Christ but also to declare His glory as they share the good news with others.