Commentary on 2 Corinthians 5:21

Verse Context: 2 Corinthians 5:21 states: "For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." This profound verse encapsulates the core of the Christian message regarding the sacrificial atonement of Jesus Christ.

Summary of Key Themes

• The Exchange of Sin and Righteousness: The verse highlights the divine exchange where Christ, who was sinless, was made to bear the sins of humanity. This theological concept is crucial for understanding the nature of atonement and redemption.
• Imputed Righteousness: This passage emphasizes that believers are granted righteousness through Christ, not by their works, but as a gift from God. This is a cornerstone of Pauline theology.
• The Love and Justice of God: The dual nature of God’s character is evident. His love is shown in providing a substitute for sinners, while His justice is satisfied through the punishment of sin placed on Christ.

Exegesis of the Verse

The Apostle Paul writes this letter to defend his ministry and to expound upon the nature of Christian life and hope. In this particular verse, Paul presents a central truth that addresses both the anthropological and salvific dimensions of human existence.

Analysis of Key Phrases

• "For he hath made him to be sin for us": This phrase indicates that God the Father appointed Christ as a sin-bearer. It is not that Christ became sinful in nature, but He was treated as if He were guilty for our sake, fulfilling the requirements of God’s justice.
• "Who knew no sin": This affirms the sinless nature of Christ. Throughout Scripture, Jesus is depicted as the unblemished Lamb of God, competent enough to bear the sins of His people.
• "That we might be made the righteousness of God in him": This presents the purpose behind Christ's suffering—so that believers might be viewed as righteous in God's sight. This righteousness is not inherent but is a status granted by grace through faith.

Insights from Public Domain Commentaries

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Henry articulates that in this verse, the wonder of divine grace is illustrated. He emphasizes that the transfer of our sins to Christ was a monumental act of love and mercy. Henry notes that the imputed righteousness serves as a reminder of our dependence on Christ for salvation.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Barnes points out that this passage outlines the doctrine of substitutionary atonement. He elaborates on how Christ bearing our sins satisfies divine justice while simultaneously offering a means for believers to be justified. He also emphasizes the transformative effect of this righteousness upon the believer's life, urging them to live in a manner worthy of such a grace.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Clarke provides a thorough analysis of the theological implications of Christ being made sin. He discusses the significance of the term "made," signifying that while Christ was without sin, He voluntarily took on the burden of humanity's transgressions. Clarke also highlights how believers experience this exchange of sin for righteousness in their daily walk with God, suggesting a profound transformation through faith.

Theological Implications

This verse has significant implications for various theological discussions:

• Soteriology: The nature of salvation is intricately linked with understanding the exchange of sin and righteousness. The necessity of Christ’s atoning sacrifice becomes clear.
• Christology: This passage reinforces the understanding of Christ's dual nature as both fully God and fully man, crucial for debates regarding His capacity to atone for sin.
• Hamartiology: It provides insight into the nature of sin and the need for atonement, highlighting the seriousness of sin and the grace extended through Christ.

Practical Applications for Believers

This verse encourages believers in several ways:

• Assurance of Salvation: Understanding that Christ has taken upon Himself our sins provides a foundation of assurance and hope for believers.
• Call to Holiness: Knowing that we are made righteous encourages a lifestyle that reflects our new identity in Christ, urging believers to pursue holiness.
• Promotion of Evangelism: The great exchange provides a powerful message of hope to share with the world, as salvation is offered to all through faith in Christ.

Conclusion

2 Corinthians 5:21 is a profound statement encapsulating the gospel message. It reveals the heart of God’s plan for redemption and emphasizes the transformative power of Christ's sacrifice. Engaging deeply with this verse enables pastors, theologians, and students of the Word to appreciate the richness of doctrine and its application to Christian life. As we reflect on this great mystery of faith, may we be compelled to live out our identity as the righteousness of God in Christ.