Commentary on 2 Samuel 13:19

Verse: 2 Samuel 13:19 - "And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colors that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on crying."

Introduction

This poignant verse captures a moment of profound grief and devastation following the tragic events surrounding Tamar, the daughter of King David. The actions described in this text provide deep insights into her emotional state and the cultural practices of mourning in ancient Israel. Renowned commentaries shed light on the narrative and its implications both at the time it was written and for readers today.

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry, in his comprehensive exposition, emphasizes the significance of Tamar's actions. He articulates that the ashes on her head symbolize mourning, reflecting a state of deep sorrow and humiliation. In ancient Jewish culture, the application of ashes was a traditional expression of grief, indicating a heart that was broken and a spirit crushed.

Furthermore, Henry comments on the torn garment, noting that it was typical for women, particularly in grieving situations, to express their emotional turmoil through physical acts. The "garment of divers colors" likely held significant meaning as it could represent her status and the purity that was stripped away from her due to the grievous act of her brother Amnon. It wasn't merely fabric that was torn; it symbolized her honor and future.

Henry also highlights the social implications of her actions. By laying her hand on her head and crying, Tamar was a public figure of sorrow, drawing attention to her plight. This act was not only a personal lamentation but served as a public outcry against the injustice she had suffered.

Albert Barnes' Insights

Albert Barnes provides a theological perspective on the implications of Tamar's mourning. He discusses the cultural context and stresses that her public display of grief was an important way for her to seek justice and acknowledgment of her suffering. This was a crucial element given the patriarchal society in which she lived, where women's voices were often marginalized.

Barnes interprets the act of tearing her colorful robe as not only a symbol of mourning but also as a representation of her lost innocence and the tragic consequences of Amnon's actions. The colorful robe she wore might have represented her joyful past before the incident, highlighting the stark contrast between her previous life and her current state.

The extended description of her crying indicates deep emotional distress and serves as a crucial narrative device that reminds the audience of the gravity of the events. Barnes postulates that through her mourning, Tamar becomes a figure of lament that deserves the community's compassion and support.

Adam Clarke's Interpretation

Adam Clarke offers a detailed analysis of the rituals associated with mourning presented in the verse. Clarke notes that the act of putting ashes on her head signifies not only lamentation over the personal tragedy but also a broader appeal for justice within her familial and societal context.

He elaborates on Tamar’s torn garment, describing it in the context of the ceremonial clothing expected of a virgin daughter of the king. The loss of her robe marks a loss of status and virtue, making her plight even more tragic. Clarke illustrates the psychological impact of such dishonor in the ancient world, as it relates to the identity and worth of a woman.

Moreover, Clarke stresses the theological implications of this passage, suggesting that Tamar's suffering showcases the consequences of sin and the moral decay within David’s family. Tamar's lament serves as a call to reflect on the holiness of God and the destructive force of unchecked desires, urging readers to consider the broader impact of personal sin on community dynamics.

Thematic Reflections

Through the combined insights of these commentators, several themes emerge that resonate with today's readers:

• Mourning and Grief: The depiction of Tamar’s mourning serves as a powerful reminder of the emotional and spiritual toll of sin. It encourages self-examination within the church concerning issues of justice and compassion for the oppressed.
• Justice for the Oppressed: Tamar's public display points to the need for communal responses to injustice. Those in positions of influence within the church must advocate for justice and provide support to those who suffer.
• The Impact of Sin: The commentary brings forth the ramifications of sin not just on the individual but on familial and societal structures. It challenges readers to approach sin with seriousness and seek restitution and healing.
• Women's Voices: Tamar's story emphasizes the importance of women's experiences and voices in the biblical narrative, inviting conversations about gender, dignity, and respect in contemporary contexts.
• Divine Justice: Ultimately, the narrative points to a God who sees, hears, and responds to the cries of the oppressed. It serves as a call for faithfulness and hope in divine justice amidst suffering.

Conclusion

In reflecting on 2 Samuel 13:19, one finds a rich tapestry of mourning, cultural context, and theological reflection. The insights from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke provide a profound understanding of Tamar's plight, which extends beyond her personal tragedy to touch upon universal themes of justice, the impact of sin, and the call for communal responsibility. For pastors, students, and scholars alike, this verse serves as both a cautionary tale and a reminder of the need for compassion and truth in a world often stained by injustice.