Commentary on 2 Samuel 13:5

2 Samuel 13:5 states: "But Amnon had a friend whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah, David's brother: and Jonadab was a very subtle man." This verse serves as a pivotal account in the narrative detailing the sordid events surrounding Amnon and Tamar, leading to profound moral and familial consequences.

Context and Background

The backdrop of this verse lies within the broader context of David's family turmoil. After David's great sin with Bathsheba and the resultant turmoil, his household experienced disarray, particularly through the actions of his sons. Amnon, who was the firstborn of David, became consumed with lust for his half-sister, Tamar.

Analysis of Key Characters

Here we explore the roles of the principal characters referenced in this verse:

• Amnon: As a prince and David's firstborn, Amnon's uncontrollable lust reflects the moral decay and dysfunction within David's household. His actions are driven by desire rather than lawful and righteous behavior.
• Jonadab: Described as "a very subtle man," Jonadab plays a crucial role as Amnon's cousin and confidant. His cunning advice leads Amnon to act upon his sinful desires, exemplifying the danger of bad counsel and the manipulation present within family dynamics.
• Tamar: Although she is not directly mentioned in this verse, her identity as the victim of Amnon's lust underscores the tragic consequences of Amnon's actions, which serves as a warning against immorality and abuse.

The Nature of Jonadab's Counsel

Jonadab's advice to Amnon is laden with subtlety and malice. His ability to devise a plan to facilitate Amnon's lust leads to tragic outcomes. Scholars such as Adam Clarke note that Jonadab's influence portrays the dangers lurking within the relationships of those who counsel others:

• Subtlety as Manipulation: Jonadab's "subtle" nature suggests a capacity for deceit and craftiness. This trait is often considered detrimental, as it leads others into sin rather than guiding them toward righteousness.
• Influence of Bad Company: The association Amnon cultivated with Jonadab allowed for the erosion of moral discernment. Matthew Henry points out that inappropriate friendships can lead individuals into moral ambivalence, leading them away from virtue and towards vice.

Moral and Theological Insights

This verse and its implications remind believers of the importance of wise counsel and the potential dangers posed by ill-directed friendship. Here are some theological considerations:

• The Exodus of Moral Responsibility: The events catalyzed by Jonadab's advice serve as an admonition; one should be wary of accepting counsel that contradicts biblical values. The moral decline witnessed in Amnon exemplifies what happens when individuals forsake wise counsel for deceitful advice.
• Repercussions of Sin: Amnon’s actions, encouraged by Jonadab, illustrate the principle that unchecked desires lead to sin. The aftermath of sin, as seen in the fallout between Amnon and Tamar, succinctly reflects the greater narrative of human sinfulness and its transgressions against God's law.
• Need for Accountability: The lack of strength in Amnon to resist his desires points to a greater issue of personal accountability. Encouragement towards virtue, accountability, and the wise use of peer influence should be emphasized in pastoral care.

Conclusion

In 2 Samuel 13:5, we witness not merely the action of a single man but the culmination of poor choices, deceptive counsel, and the subsequent fall into sin. Pastors, theologians, and students of scripture are called to heed the warnings embedded in this verse. It challenges believers to seek godly counsel, to engage in self-reflection regarding their influences, and to understand the far-reaching implications of their decisions.

As we contemplate the tragic story of Amnon, let us be inspired to choose wisely those with whom we associate, ensuring that our counsel aligns with righteousness, thus preserving both our integrity and that of our communities.