Commentary on Deuteronomy 5:18

Verse: Deuteronomy 5:18 - "Neither shalt thou commit adultery."

Introduction

Deuteronomy 5:18 is part of the Decalogue, or the Ten Commandments, which serves as a moral foundation for the Israelites and, ultimately, for Judeo-Christian ethics. This verse addresses the holiness of marriage and the sanctity of conjugal fidelity, emphasizing the importance of maintaining integrity within the covenant of marriage.

Historical Context

The Israelites were on the verge of entering the Promised Land, and Moses, their leader, recapitulated the Law, including the Ten Commandments from Exodus 20. The commandments were meant to set apart the people of Israel from the surrounding nations, who often practiced adultery and other forms of sexual immorality.

Insights from Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry emphasizes the moral and spiritual ramifications of adultery. He notes that this commandment is not merely about infidelity in marriage but also represents a broader principle concerning loyalty and faithfulness. Adultery is a breach of trust, an act that signifies a departure from covenant obligations.

• Moral Implications: Henry points out that adultery is harmful to societal stability. It disrupts families and leads to strife and division within communities.
• Spiritual Dimension: He argues that the commandment also reflects God's relationship with His people, where idolatry is often equated with spiritual adultery against God.

Insights from Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes provides a detailed exposition of the commandment. He highlights the legal aspects as well as the heart behind the law:

• Legal Context: Barnes explains that this commandment served as a protection for the family unit, a critical cornerstone of society. In the ancient Near East, the family system was under threat from various external and internal forces.
• Inner Motivation: He stresses that the prohibition against adultery speaks to the inner purity and the maintenance of a righteous heart, indicating that God desires not just outward obedience but inward righteousness.

Insights from Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke, in his commentary, elaborates on the nuances of the commandment:

• Broader Interpretation: Clarke suggests that this commandment encompasses all forms of sexual immorality, not just the act of adultery itself. It may speak to lustful thoughts and actions, promoting a holistic understanding of sexual ethics.
• Consequences of Breach: He warns of the severe consequences that come with breaking this commandment, including social disgrace, familial disharmony, and potential legal repercussions in ancient Israel.

Theological Implications

This commandment outlines a fundamental aspect of God's moral order. The covenantal framework of marriage mirrors the relationship between Christ and the Church, where fidelity is paramount. Adultery symbolizes a failure to honor this covenant, ultimately pointing to the need for grace and redemption found in Christ.

Application for Today

For pastors and theologians, the significance of this commandment extends beyond mere law; it speaks to the heart of human relationships and the divine intention for marital fidelity. The contemporary relevance includes:

• Marriage Counseling: Pastoral care often involves helping couples navigate issues of fidelity and commitment, where this commandment serves as a guiding principle.
• Ethical Standards: The command prompts believers to uphold high ethical standards in both personal and professional relationships, reflecting the character of God.
• Covenantal Theology: The concept of fidelity in marriage provides an analogy for understanding God's covenant with His people, underscoring the seriousness with which we are called to engage in our commitments to God and one another.

Conclusion

Deuteronomy 5:18 calls us to recognize the sanctity of marriage and the importance of faithfulness. Drawing from historical, moral, and spiritual perspectives offered by Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke enriches our understanding of this commandment. Ultimately, it calls the believer to honor not just an outward command but to cultivate inner purity and commitment that reflects God's nature in every aspect of our lives.