Commentary on Deuteronomy 5:19

Verse: "And you shall not steal."

Introduction

The commandment "You shall not steal" is succinct yet profound, encompassing ethical, moral, and societal implications. Throughout biblical history, it reveals the character of God and the expected conduct of His people. In this commentary, we will explore insights from various public domain commentaries, emphasizing the significance of this commandment in the life of believers, especially for pastors, students, and theologians.

Contextual Background

Deuteronomy is regarded as a vital source of covenant law given to the Israelites as they prepared to enter the Promised Land. This particular commandment serves as a part of the Decalogue, God’s moral law, which offers direction for living a life pleasing to Him and beneficial to society. Understanding the historical and cultural context is crucial in grasping the full meaning of this commandment.

Theological Significance

Matthew Henry emphasizes that each commandment possesses inherent values rooted in divine justice. The prohibition against theft signifies a broader principle of respect for property and rights. Henry states that God forbids all forms of dishonesty that undermine social relations and trust.

Exegesis of the Text

Albert Barnes elaborates on the term "steal" as inclusive of various actions that deprive others of their rightful possessions, including secret pilfering and deceitful practices. This commandment doesn’t merely address the act of stealing tangible objects; it extends to any behavior that would unjustly enrich oneself at the expense of another. Barnes notes the seriousness of stealing, which disrupts community integrity and the relational trust necessary for society to function properly.

Ethical Implications

Adam Clarke takes a closer look at the ethical dimensions of theft. He points out that stealing often stems from greed and a lack of trust in God’s provision. This commandment compels individuals to examine their hearts and motivations, guiding pastors and scholars to preach against not just the act, but the attitudes that lead to it. Clarke explains that obedience to this commandment fosters a spirit of generosity and contentment in the soul.

Stealing vs. Trusting in God

The command against stealing can also be seen as a call to trust in God's provision. In times of need, individuals are tempted to find relief through dishonesty. Matthew Henry stresses the importance of faithfulness in stewardship, indicating that faithful individuals will acknowledge God’s ownership of all things and will rely on Him rather than resorting to theft.

Societal Impact

The ripple effect of theft extends beyond personal sin. It has the potential to destabilize communities, leading to fear, mistrust, and broken relationships. Albert Barnes notes that when theft is prevalent, societal decay follows. Leaders, including pastors and theologians, are called to address the implications of dishonesty in their communities, promoting ethical behavior and reinforcing communal trust.

Restitution and Redemption

The commandment also opens the door to discussions around the themes of restitution and redemption. Clarke points out that making right what was wrong provides an opportunity for individuals to experience God’s grace and for communities to heal. The call to integrity not only reflects God’s nature but also sets a standard for restoring broken relationships.

Conclusion

Deuteronomy 5:19 serves as a timeless reminder of the ethical expectations God has for His people. This commandment is not merely a legalistic directive but a heart matter that touches upon trust, integrity, and community health. For pastors, students, and scholars, this scripture offers fertile ground for deeper exploration into moral theology, community dynamics, and God’s character.

As we seek to understand and live out this commandment, may we foster environments of honesty and trust, reflecting the heart of God in our interactions with one another. Let this commandment be a guide, encouraging us to embody integrity and to call others into the light of righteousness.