Overview

This verse introduces two important characters in the early chapters of Exodus, Shiphrah and Puah, under the tyrannical reign of Pharaoh. This segment of scripture sets the stage for understanding the oppression of the Israelites and the boldness of these midwives in the face of state-sanctioned murder.

Historical Background

Following Joseph's death and the subsequent growth of the Hebrew population in Egypt, the new Pharaoh becomes threatened by the Israelites’ increasing numbers. He initiates a campaign of oppression, culminating in this directive to the midwives, which constitutes a clear moral and ethical dilemma.

The Characters: Shiphrah and Puah

• Significance of their names: Their names, Shiphrah meaning “beautiful” and Puah meaning “splendid,” reflect a cultural importance given to personal identity even in the face of oppression.
• Profiles: Matthew Henry notes that these women were likely leaders among the midwives, demonstrating competence and authority in their roles.
• Faith and Courage: Albert Barnes emphasizes their moral courage and faith, showcasing their determination to defy unjust orders that countered God's command regarding the sanctity of life.

The Pharaoh's Order

The Pharaoh’s command to the midwives reveals the depths of his paranoia and the lengths he would go to suppress the Hebrew population. This order encapsulates the ethical conflict that arises between obeying a tyrannical authority versus adhering to divine principles.

• Dehumanization: The order aims to reduce the Israelites to mere objects of oppression, reflecting the theme of dehumanization present throughout human history.
• Symbolic Meaning: Adam Clarke points out that Pharaoh embodies the archetype of tyrants throughout history, whose fear of losing power can lead to brutal and immoral decrees.

The Theological Implications

This narrative highlights several theological themes, including:

• Divine Providence: God’s providence is at work even in the midst of oppression. The continued growth of the Hebrew population is a testament to His faithfulness.
• Resistance to Evil: The midwives serve as examples of righteous resistance against oppressive regimes, a concept liberally explored by numerous theologians throughout history.
• Sanctity of Life: Their refusal to kill the newborns underscores a profound theological affirmation of the value of human life, resonating with biblical ethics.

Moral and Ethical Considerations

The actions of Shiphrah and Puah pose significant moral questions for contemporary readers:

• Obedience to Authority: When does obedience to government conflict with divine law? This text encourages believers to consider the balance between civil authority and divine command.
• Conscience and Conviction: The midwives exemplify a well-formed conscience, acting according to their convictions even when it risked their own lives.

Application for Today

The lesson from Exodus 1:15 is profoundly relevant to modern-day believers:

• Stand Firm in Faith: In instances where societal norms contravene God’s laws, Christians are called to stand firm in their faith, just as Shiphrah and Puah did.
• Protecting the Vulnerable: There is a call to protect those who are marginalized, a principle that remains significant in addressing social injustices today.

Conclusion

Exodus 1:15 sets the narrative for an ongoing struggle between good and evil, oppression, and divine deliverance. The courage of Shiphrah and Puah serves as a beacon for believers, reminding us of the moral imperative to uphold justice and righteousness amidst adversity.