Exodus 1:19 - Commentary

Verse: "And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them."

Contextual Overview

This verse captures a significant moment in the early narrative of the Exodus. Known for its profound themes of oppression, resistance, and divine intervention, this chapter sets the stage for the Israelites' eventual deliverance. The verse shows the Israelites under the oppressive rule of Pharaoh and highlights the courage of the Hebrew midwives.

The Midwives' Response

The midwives' statement to Pharaoh reflects their cunning and bravery. They provide a justifiable reason for not following Pharaoh's decree to kill male infants, effectively saving lives.

Analysis of the Midwives

• Hebrew Identity: The midwives, identified with the Hebrew people, show their allegiance to their heritage by protecting the infants.
• Wise Diplomacy: Their response to Pharaoh serves as a clever example of diplomacy and subterfuge. They manage to evade responsibility for disobedience by framing their actions in a context that seems legitimate to Pharaoh.
• Obedience to God vs. Civil Authority: Their actions underscore the moral dilemma faced by individuals seeking to honor divine commands over earthly authorities.

The Nature of Hebrew Women

The description of Hebrew women as “lively” or vigorous provides rich insight into their role within the narrative. This term implies a vitality that contrasts with the oppression they face.

Implications of 'Lively'

• Cultural Resilience: The term illustrates the ability of the Hebrew community to flourish despite harsh conditions, showcasing a spiritual tenacity.
• Divine Favor: This vitality may also be interpreted as a sign of God’s favor upon the Hebrew women, positioning them as active participants in the unfolding story of salvation.
• Symbol of Life: Their capacity for rapid childbirth can symbolize life triumphing over death in the broader context of the Exodus narrative.

Theological Reflections

This verse invites theological reflection on several important themes:

• Divine Providence: The midwives' actions can be seen as a manifestation of God's providence working through human agency. This aligns with the overarching biblical narrative that God often uses unexpected individuals to fulfill His purposes.
• Resistance against Oppression: Their refusal to comply with Pharaoh’s decree establishes a biblical precedent for righteous rebellion. This reflects the moral responsibility individuals have to stand against injustice.
• Faith and Courage: The midwives exemplify profound faith in God by risking their lives to protect innocent children. Their courage can serve as a model for today’s believers in the face of challenging ethical dilemmas.

Insights from Public Domain Commentaries

Matthew Henry

Henry emphasizes the steadfast faith of the midwives and their moral integrity. He observes that their response to Pharaoh showcases how piety and fidelity can lead one to risk their lives for the sake of righteousness.

Albert Barnes

Barnes notes the cultural differences highlighted in this passage. He suggests that the Hebrew women’s readiness to give birth without aid underlines their strength and determination as a people, portraying a stark contrast to the Egyptians burdened by their own societal norms.

Adam Clarke

Clarke provides insights into the character of the midwives, noting that they were likely women of faith who recognized their duty not just to Pharaoh but to God. He argues that their actions were part of God’s method for preserving the line of Israel, ultimately leading to the birth of Moses and the liberation of Israel.

Conclusion

In Exodus 1:19, the courageous acts of the Hebrew midwives encapsulate a profound message of faith, resilience, and the refusal to comply with unjust laws. Their cunning defense not only preserved life but also set a foundation for the eventual liberation of Israel, exemplifying that even in dark times, God raises up individuals who will act in accordance with His will.