Bible Commentary on Joshua 21:39

Text of Joshua 21:39: "And out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with her suburbs, Geba with her suburbs,

Introduction

The book of Joshua represents a significant transitional period in Israel's history—a shift from wandering in the wilderness to settling in the Promised Land. Joshua 21 details the distribution of cities among the Levites, emphasizing their role as priests and spiritual leaders. This specific verse focuses on the allocation of cities within the tribe of Benjamin, drawing attention to the importance of the Levites’ cities.

The Context of the Verse

The distribution of land and cities was a deliberate act by God, as it was vital for sustaining the spiritual and community life of Israel. The Levites, as the priestly tribe, had certain cities to inhabit but were not granted a contiguous territory like the other tribes. This was not merely an oversight but a divine principle where God Himself becomes their portion (Numbers 18:20).

Insights from Commentaries

Matthew Henry's Commentary

Matthew Henry highlights the strategic and spiritual significance of the cities allocated to the Levites. He points out that these cities, including Gibeon and Geba, served as centers for teaching the law and leading in worship. His commentary emphasizes that the places of refuge (the cities of refuge) were situated among the Levite cities. This signifies God’s mercy and the provision for forgiveness and safety—illustrating the teaching role of the Levites.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Albert Barnes provides thorough geographical and cultural context for the cities mentioned. He notes that Gibeon was a notable city, given its historical significance and previous interactions with the Israelites. Furthermore, he explains that Geba served as a strategic military location, further underscoring the practicality of their choice. Barnes suggests that while the Levites lacked a specific tribal inheritance, their cities were strategically placed to ensure that the knowledge of God permeated every aspect of the Israelite community.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Adam Clarke contributes by noting the symbolic implications of the cities assigned to the tribe of Benjamin—especially as Benjamin plays a crucial role in the lineage of Christ. Clarke emphasizes that the Levitical cities represented safety for the populace, as they were places of spiritual guidance and refuge. He expounds on the fact that even in their lack of material inheritance, the Levites were bestowed a crucial responsibility that held the nation together in unity and reverence towards God.

Theological Implications

This verse is a reminder of several theological principles relevant for pastors, theologians, and students alike:

• Divine Provision: God’s provision for the Levites signifies a broader truth: that He nourishes and cares for those called to serve Him. This can be encouraging for those engaged in ministry who may feel overlooked or underprovided in a worldly sense.
• The Role of the Church: Just as the Levites were appointed to teach the law and administer justice, the modern church has the responsibility to uphold and disseminate biblical truths, thus serving as a beacon of hope and direction.
• Historical Significance: Exploring the cities, especially Gibeon and Geba, enriches our understanding of biblical narratives and historical context, vital for grasping the biblical text's depth.
• Community and Safety: The cities offered both physical and spiritual safety, illustrating the church's role as a sanctuary for the weary and a place for spiritual instruction.

Conclusion

In Joshua 21:39, the allotment of cities within the tribe of Benjamin serves a pivotal role in establishing the Levitical legacy of service, teaching, and refuge. The insights derived from esteemed biblical commentaries enhance our understanding of the text, revealing layers of historical, theological, and practical significance. As pastors and scholars engage with this verse, they are reminded of the enduring role of God’s Word in shaping communities, guiding worship, and providing for spiritual leaders.