Commentary on Judges 21:16

Judges 21:16 presents an interesting intersection of Israel's social dynamics, their spiritual condition, and the implications of their decisions. “Then the elders of the congregation said, ‘What shall we do for wives for those who remain, since the women of Benjamin have been destroyed?’” This plea from the elders highlights both the desperation of the people and the consequences of previous actions taken during a time of moral decay.

Contextual Background

The Book of Judges introduces a period of turmoil and cycles of disobedience among the Israelites following the death of Joshua. The tribe of Benjamin had suffered severely after the heinous crime in Gibeah, leading to a civil war where nearly all the men were killed. The ensuing question from the elders reveals the theological and moral implications of seeking to restore what was lost, raising questions about justice, mercy, and societal restoration.

Insights from Public Domain Commentaries

• Matthew Henry's Commentary

  • Matthew Henry notes that the elders recognize a dire situation: the tribe of Benjamin, almost wiped out, has no future without women to bear children. His commentary emphasizes the severity of this dilemma and the significance of familial continuity in Israelite culture.

  • Henry further critiques the moral fabric of Israel at this time, suggesting that the pursuit of wives through such means indicates a diminishing regard for God's law. The call for wives reflects a desperate, albeit misguided, attempt to fulfill a covenant obligation without addressing the underlying moral failures that contributed to the tragedy.

• Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

  • Albert Barnes elaborates on the symbolic meaning of the elders' inquiry, reflecting on their need for redemption and reconciliation. His commentary asserts that this verse encapsulates the grief and repercussions stemming from ungodly decisions, urging readers to grasp the broader narrative of sin and consequence.

  • Barnes also underscores the theological element, suggesting that in their lawlessness, the Israelites have strayed from God's design for community and family. Thus, he points out that their current predicament is a culmination of their actions—an important reminder of God's justice intertwined with His mercy.

• Adam Clarke's Commentary

  • Adam Clarke offers historical insight into the plight of the Benjamites and the broader implications of inter-tribal conflict. He highlights the urgency felt by the elders, who represent the standard of communal leadership struggling with the fallout of their people’s choices.

  • Clarke emphasizes the importance of seeking divine wisdom in their plight. He suggests that the elders’ inquiry should lead them back to God for guidance instead of resorting to human schemes. In his view, this moment serves as a pivotal lesson in recognizing the need for divine intervention amidst human failure.

Theological Reflections

This verse brings forth deep theological reflections concerning:

• Divine Justice and Mercy:

  The elders' question acknowledges the weight of justice but also the pressing need for mercy. As pastors and theologians reflect upon this verse, it serves as a reminder that God's justice must be balanced with His mercy in our ministries and personal lives.

• Covenantal Loyalty:

  The desire to restore the tribe of Benjamin can reflect the broader theme of covenantal loyalty among God’s people. Leaders are called to uphold the well-being of their communities, ensuring the continuance of God-honoring relationships.

• Restoration and Redemption:

  The narrative indicates the longing for restoration amid despair. It urges contemporary believers to seek redemption not only for themselves but also for their communities, pointing to Christ's ultimate redemptive work.

Conclusion

Judges 21:16, while appearing to be a mundane query for wives, encapsulates profound themes of communal identity, the consequences of moral failure, and the necessity of divine wisdom in times of crisis. The reflections drawn from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke provide a rich tapestry of insights that pastors, students, and scholars can apply in their own ministries and theological explorations, emphasizing the need for repentance, restoration, and reliance on God's guidance.