Bible Commentary on Judges 21:22

Verse Overview: Judges 21:22 states, "And it shall be, when their fathers or their brothers come unto us to complain, that we will say unto them, Be favorable unto them for our sakes: because we reserved not to each man his wife in the war: for ye did not give unto them at this time, that ye should be guilty."

Contextual Background

The events in Judges 21 occur after a troubling time in Israel's history, characterized by moral decline and social chaos. The tribe of Benjamin has faced near annihilation after a civil war instigated by the heinous actions of some of its members. This chapter recounts attempts to restore the tribe by providing wives for the surviving men, showing the lengths to which the Israelites would go to preserve the lineage.

Commentary Insights from Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry explores the implications of Israel’s decision-making in this chapter, particularly in Judges 21:22. He emphasizes the desperation of the Israelites and their makeshift solutions to rectify the situation. Henry notes that the Israelites did not consult God’s will in their actions, highlighting a repeated theme in Judges where personal judgment prevails over divine guidance.

• The Motive of Favor: Henry remarks on the proposed excuse offered to Benjaminite families—an appeal for leniency based on the circumstances, which serves to reflect the self-serving nature of their justification.
• Preservation of Lineage: The commentary underscores the critical nature of lineage in Israel's covenant community, illustrating how far the people would go to maintain it, even resorting to questionable means.

Commentary Insights from Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes adds depth to the legal and moral implications of the actions taken in Judges 21. He notes that the Israelites had vowed to never give their daughters to the Benjaminites, resulting in their current dilemma. Barnes points out the irony and moral complexity in the plan to use the daughters of Shiloh in festival celebrations as part of a strategy to provide wives.

• Legal Complications: Barnes highlights that the proposed actions are fraught with legal and ethical concerns, particularly concerning the vow made against intermarriage with Benjamin.
• God's Silence: He observes that throughout these chapters, God's voice is notably absent, signifying a time of spiritual lawlessness that reflects the people's disconnection from divine authority.

Commentary Insights from Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke offers a perspective on the social and emotional ramifications of the events within Judges 21:22. He discusses the tension between obligation and natural affection, explaining the dynamics of the proposed solution and its potential impact on the tribes involved.

• Emotional Impact: Clarke reflects on the emotional connections that are being manipulated within this context, as the surviving Benjaminite men are to be granted wives under the pretext of necessity rather than genuine choice.
• Godly Laws vs. Human Plans: Clarke accentuates the contrast between divine commandments and the human inclination to devise plans that often contradict God's laws, indicating the people's flawed judgment.

Application for Pastors, Students, and Scholars

The events leading to Judges 21:22 provide rich soil for reflection on several themes valuable for ministry and scholarship:

• Divine Guidance: The absence of spiritual counsel in the actions of Israel's leaders serves as a stern reminder of the necessity for prayer and divine direction in decision-making processes.
• Moral Integrity: The ethical dilemmas faced in this narrative highlight the importance of maintaining moral integrity even in times of national crisis, promoting discussions on the moral implications of compromise.
• Community Responsibility: The chapter emphasizes collective responsibility within the community of faith, urging readers to consider their part in preserving the covenant community and its values through integrity and mutual support.

Conclusion

Judges 21:22 reveals profound insights into the complexities of human relationships and the challenges of maintaining covenant fidelity amidst social upheaval. Through the combined perspectives of Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, we are prompted to consider the necessity of divine wisdom in navigating life's moral complexities and the importance of community in restoring brokenness.