Commentary on Judges 21:20

Verse Overview: Judges 21:20 reads: "Therefore they commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, Go and lie in wait in the vineyards." This verse occurs at a pivotal moment in the narrative, as the tribe of Benjamin faces judgment and a drastic reduction in its population due to a civil conflict among the Israelites.

Context and Background

The Book of Judges is a historical record of the time when Israel was ruled by judges before the establishment of a monarchy. This period was characterized by moral decline, cycles of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance. In Judges chapter 21, we see the aftermath of civil war arising from the heinous crime of Gibeah and the subsequent near-annihilation of the tribe of Benjamin by the other Israelite tribes.

Key Themes and Insights

• The Consequences of Sin:

  In the previous chapters, the Israelites were provoked to an extreme response due to the sin of the Benjamites. Matthew Henry highlights that sin often leads to severe repercussions, both for individuals and communities. The judgment against Benjamin is indicative of God's desire for justice amidst human injustices.

• Justice vs. Mercy:

  This narrative reveals the tension between divine justice and the need for mercy. Albert Barnes notes that despite the harsh actions taken, there remained an underlying goal—to preserve the tribe of Benjamin, showcasing God’s providence in maintaining His people even when they falter.

• The Importance of Obedience:

  In response to the plight of Benjamin, the Israelites devised a plan for the remaining men to find wives from the daughters of Shiloh. Adam Clarke emphasizes the critical aspect of divine guidance and human initiative in maintaining the covenant community. The command to 'lie in wait' demonstrates a proactive faith that is willing to engage in means rather than passively waiting for divine intervention.

Interpretation of Key Phrases

"Go and lie in wait in the vineyards": This phrase reflects a strategic maneuver that blends human initiative with divine purpose. The vineyards symbolize abundance and life, contrasting with the death and destruction that occurred. The call to 'lie in wait' indicates the necessity for patience and vigilance in God's work.

Lessons for Today

For pastors, students, and theologians, Judges 21:20 serves as a reminder of the complexity of human nature and the challenges of maintaining righteousness within a community. Here are some lessons drawn from this text:

• The Role of Community: The plight of Benjamin illustrates how interconnected the tribes were, and thus the collective responsibility that they bore for each other’s welfare.
• God’s Sovereignty in Human Scenarios: Even when humans act to correct or restore situations, God's overarching sovereignty and plans remain paramount. This should encourage believers to trust in God's providential care.
• Proactive Faith: Faith must be coupled with action. The Israelites demonstrated this by not waiting idly but instead creating a plan to continue God's covenant with Benjamin.

Conclusion

Judges 21:20 encapsulates significant themes of justice, mercy, community responsibility, and the complexity of human actions under divine oversight. It challenges us to reflect on our actions within the community, the balance of justice and mercy in our interactions, and the confidence that God’s plans will ultimately prevail, even in the face of human failures. As we study this passage, let us be reminded of the broader narrative of redemption that underlies Scripture, propelling us toward a deeper understanding of God's character and our role within His story.