Commentary on Leviticus 16:22

Verse: "The goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness."

Introduction

Leviticus 16:22 is a pivotal verse in the context of the Day of Atonement, or Yom Kippur, illustrating a profound theological concept regarding sin, atonement, and redemption. This passage describes the ritual of casting lots for two goats, one to be sacrificed and the other to be sent away into the wilderness, symbolically conveying the removal of sin from the people of Israel.

Theological Significance

The act of sending away the scapegoat, as illustrated in this verse, forms a deep theological narrative within the framework of atonement. This ritual serves as a foreshadowing of Christ's ultimate sacrifice, where He bore the sins of humanity. Matthew Henry and other commentators highlight how this practice underscores the separation of sin from the sinner, which is a vital aspect of redemption.

Attribution of Sin:

Matthew Henry notes that the goat symbolizes the bearing of iniquity, reflecting how the weight of sin is transferred away from the people. The wilderness, as a desolate place, represents separation from the community and divine embrace, echoing the consequences of sin. This act serves not merely as a ritual but as a reminder of the gravity of sin.

Symbolism of the Wilderness:

The wilderness is significant within the biblical narrative as a place of testing and purification. Albert Barnes points out that the goat's journey into the wilderness signifies a complete and utter removal of sin from the congregation. It offers a striking visual of how God deals with sin—by placing it far from the lives of His people. This evokes the psalmist's declaration in Psalm 103:12, "As far as the east is from the west, so far has he removed our transgressions from us."

Role of the High Priest:

The high priest played a crucial role in this ritual, mediating between God and the people. Adam Clarke emphasizes that the high priest's actions during the Day of Atonement not only involved making sacrifices but also included the spiritual responsibility of transferring the community's iniquities to the goat. This act is representative of Christ's high priestly work on behalf of humanity.

Application for Today

For contemporary believers, Leviticus 16:22 serves as a powerful reminder of the need for atonement and the assurance that through Christ, believers' sins are completely removed. Understanding this verse can deepen one’s appreciation for the sacrificial system and the ultimate sacrifice of Christ.

Lessons on Sin and Atonement:

• Recognition of Sin: As the goats symbolically represent sin, believers are called to understand the seriousness of sin in their lives and the need for repentance.
• Faith in the Atonement: The ritual represents that true forgiveness comes from recognizing Jesus as the ultimate scapegoat who carries away sins.
• Separation from Sin: Just as the goat was cast away, Christians are encouraged to leave behind their sinful past and pursue holiness.

Conclusion

Leviticus 16:22 encapsulates a rich tapestry of biblical theology concerning sin and redemption. Insights from historical commentaries illuminate the eternal truths of God's plan for salvation through Christ. As believers reflect on this passage, they can engage in profound gratitude for the depth of God's mercy and the gift of atonement through Jesus Christ, the true scapegoat who bore our iniquities.