Commentary on Ecclesiastes 5:17

Verse: "All his days also he eateth in darkness, and he hath much sorrow and wrath with his sickness."

Introduction

The verse from Ecclesiastes 5:17 presents a sobering reflection on the condition of life without the fear of God. The Preacher, traditionally understood to be Solomon, contemplates the futility that often accompanies the pursuit of wealth and pleasure devoid of spiritual fulfillment. This commentary seeks to encapsulate insights from notable public domain commentators such as Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke, elucidating the profound truths encapsulated in this succinct yet powerful verse.

Contextual Background

Ecclesiastes is often viewed as a book of wisdom literature, driving the reader to contemplate the meaning of life. The overarching theme emphasizes the transient nature of earthly pursuits and the ultimate satisfaction found only in God. In this context, Ecclesiastes 5:17 warns of the melancholic existence that stems from misplaced priorities. The Preacher encapsulates a reality where a man, despite his worldly gains, finds himself isolated in darkness, plagued by sorrow and anger.

Matthew Henry's Insights

Matthew Henry emphasizes the bleakness of existence devoid of God’s light. He interprets "eating in darkness" as a metaphor for a life full of despair—where one, despite richness and abundance, does not experience true joy. This darkness signifies not only physical absence of light but spiritual ignorance and emotional turmoil.

Henry expands the idea of "much sorrow" as reflective of the soul's unrest. He notes that wealth can lead to increased anxiety and discontent rather than genuine happiness. The picture painted is of a man isolated in his struggles, living in a duality of plenty but experiencing an internal emptiness fueled by "wrath with his sickness."

Albert Barnes’ Perspective

Albert Barnes remarks that the darkness here can be interpreted as indicative of the struggles that accompany one’s sins and failures. Barnes posits that such a man has his heart filled with sorrow and wrath, suggesting that his accumulating wealth has not quelled his inner turmoil but instead exacerbated it.

He highlights the societal implication of living without spiritual purpose; it can lead to hopelessness even amidst abundance. The reference to "sickness" can metaphorically depict emotional and spiritual fatigue—the exhaustion that comes from striving after the wind.

Adam Clarke's Analysis

Adam Clarke provides a linguistic breakdown of the term "darkness," indicating it symbolizes ignorance or folly. Clarke suggests that eating in darkness represents a state where a person’s understanding is clouded; he may indulge in luxury but remains oblivious to the futility that surrounds such pursuits. He explores the dual meanings of sorrow and wrath, indicating that while the external circumstances may seem favorable, the internal experience is filled with regret and pain.

Clarke also emphasizes the "sickness" as a byproduct of this lifestyle, linking physical ailments to spiritual unrest. The condition of the heart and spirit can severely impact one's physical health, illustrating the interconnectedness of soul and body.

Theological Implications

• The Fear of God: All three commentators align on the centrality of the fear of God as pivotal for a meaningful life. Without this anchor, life descends into despair.
• Futility of Earthly Success: The message is clear; earthly achievements, when devoid of a relationship with God, lack value and meaning.
• Holistic Understanding of Life: The interconnectedness of spiritual and physical wellbeing is crucial—spiritual darkness leads to physical manifestations of struggle.

Practical Applications

For pastors, students, and theologians, the verse serves as a poignant reminder to examine one's motivations and pursuits.

• Encourage congregations to seek spiritual fulfillment over material gain.
• Pursue holistic approaches to well-being that integrate body, mind, and spirit.
• Foster discussions on the importance of the fear of God as central to a fulfilling life.

Conclusion

In summary, Ecclesiastes 5:17 is a profound reflection on human existence viewed through the lens of God’s wisdom. The teachings of Henry, Barnes, and Clarke collectively illuminate the perils of living in darkness without the light of divine truth. Each commentator leads us to a deeper understanding of life’s purpose centered on God. As one contemplates this passage, it is a call to seek the true joys of spiritual fulfillment that surpass any earthly possessions.