Bible Commentary on Exodus 28:18

Exodus 28:18 states, "And the second row shall be a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond." This verse is part of the detailed instructions given by God to Moses regarding the priestly garments, particularly the breastplate of judgment that the high priest Aaron was to wear. This commentary seeks to delve into the significance of this verse, its theological implications, and its historical context, drawing from various public domain commentaries.

Contextual Background

Exodus 28 outlines the attire of the priesthood, specifically Aaron, the appointed high priest. These garments served not only a practical function but also symbolic ritual purposes, representing the holiness of God and the sacred responsibilities of the priest. Within this context, the breastplate was particularly significant as it bore the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, highlighting both representation and intercession before God.

Detailed Analysis

The second row of the breastplate, consisting of turquoise, sapphire, and diamond, calls for a closer examination. Each of these stones held particular meanings and associations:

• Turquoise: Historically, turquoise is linked to protection and peace. Its blue color connects it to the divine, potentially symbolizing heaven and spiritual blessing.
• Sapphire: This stone is often associated with wisdom, insight, and revelation. The deep blue hue reflects the majesty of God, as noted by Clarke, reminding the priest of the divine wisdom needed for intercession.
• Diamond: Diamonds, representing purity and strength, signify the unbreakable covenant between God and His people. This stone reminds the high priest of the solidity of God’s promises and His enduring faithfulness.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, each stone in the breastplate illustrates essential attributes of God’s character, as well as His relationship with his chosen people. According to Barnes, the use of these precious stones signifies the weightiness of the priest's role, emphasizing the gravity of bearing Israel's names and needs before God. The breastplate, therefore, becomes a symbol of judgment—deliberating on matters of divine will and human conduct.

Symbolism in Priesthood

The choice and arrangement of stones on the breastplate symbolize the comprehensive nature of God's covenant with Israel. Matthew Henry emphasizes that the priest was to bear these stones and thereby represent not only the individual tribes but also their collective identity and destiny.

The stones can be seen as bearing witness to God's grace, mercy, and justice. Each time the high priest entered the Holy Place, he did so with these representations, imploring God on behalf of the people—a powerful testament to the mediator role of the priesthood in the Old Testament.

Application for Modern Believers

Pastors and theologians today could glean from this verse regarding the importance of representation in leadership roles within the Church. Just as Aaron carried the weight of Israel, modern leaders are called to bear the burdens of their communities, pray for them, and lead with wisdom and integrity.

The symbolism of purity, wisdom, and protection embodied in the breastplate challenges contemporary believers to embody these characteristics in their spiritual conduct. Leaders and congregants alike are reminded of their royal priesthood, as outlined in 1 Peter 2:9, showing the continuity of the priestly function into the New Covenant.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Exodus 28:18 serves as a profound reminder of the divine calling placed on those who serve God. Through the stones of the second row of the breastplate, believers are invited to reflect on their relationship with God and their responsibilities toward others. The rich symbolism of turquoise, sapphire, and diamond offers layers of meaning for those who seek to understand the depth and breadth of God's covenant with His people and the serious nature of spiritual leadership.