Commentary on Exodus 28:19

Exodus 28:19 states, "The third row shall be a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst." This verse is part of the description of the high priest's breastplate, which was adorned with twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. Each stone had particular significance and collectively served to symbolize the high priest's role as the mediator between God and His people.

Introduction

The intricate design of the high priest's garments, especially the breastplate, reflects the rich symbolism inherent in the Levitical priesthood. The choice of stones was not arbitrary; it reveals profound theological and historical depths worthy of exploration. The significance of these stones, their placement, and their meanings will be examined through insights from public domain commentaries.

Symbolism of the Stones

• Jacinth (Hyacinth): Often associated with the color blue, this stone symbolizes the heavens and divine revelation. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the eternal nature of His promises to Israel. According to Adam Clarke, the jacinth represents the glory of God and the calling of His people to a heavenly inheritance.
• Agate: Agate is known for its diverse colors and patterns. This stone signifies harmony and balance. Matthew Henry interprets the agate as representing the uniformity and unity of the tribes of Israel despite their differences, united under the covenant with God.
• Amethyst: The amethyst, known for its purple hue, is associated with royalty and divine inspiration. Albert Barnes notes that the amethyst represents the kingly priesthood of Christ, foreshadowing His role as both King and High Priest.

The High Priest's Role

The high priest served as an intermediary between God and Israel, bearing the names of the tribes upon his heart as he entered the Holy of Holies. The breastplate, adorned with these stones, held the names of the twelve tribes, emphasizing the high priest's duty to intercede for the people. The vivid colors of the stones demonstrated the beauty and diversity within the body of God's people.

Theological Implications

The choice of these specific stones conveys various theological themes:

• Intercession: Each time the high priest entered the presence of God, he represented the tribes, continuously interceding for their well-being and forgiveness.
• Covenantal Relationship: The adornment of the breastplate signifies God's everlasting covenant with Israel, demonstrating His care and commitment to His people.
• Preparation for Worship: The elaborate garments, including the breastplate, emphasize the holiness required in approaching God. This speaks of the need for spiritual preparation before engaging in worship.

Practical Applications for Today

For pastors, students, and theologians, Exodus 28:19, along with the wider context of Exodus 28, can serve as a foundation for exploring themes of holiness, service, and worship within the contemporary church. Here are some practical insights:

• Understanding Our Identity: Just as the high priest carried the names of the tribes, Christians today bear the identity of being called children of God. This reminds us of the personal relationship we have with God.
• Encouragement in Leadership: Leaders within the church are called to intercede and pray for their communities, reflecting the high priest’s role in representing the people before God.
• Unity in Diversity: The various stones symbolize the diversity within the church. Christians from different backgrounds and tribes are united under Christ, advocating for love and unity amidst differences.

Conclusion

Exodus 28:19 is more than a mere description of the high priest's garments; it encapsulates profound theological truths about God's relationship with Israel and foreshadows the fullness of revelation in Christ. As we engage with this passage, we are reminded of our calling to maintain a space for divine intercession, to reflect God's glory, and to move towards unity in Christ.