Commentary on Job 15:14

Job 15:14 (KJV) states: "What is man, that he should be clean? and he which is born of a woman, that he should be righteous?" This verse serves as a profound inquiry into the nature of humanity and the inherent sinfulness of mankind. The commentaries from Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, and Adam Clarke provide a rich tapestry of insights that shed light on the theological implications of this verse.

Contextual Understanding

To appreciate the depth of Job 15:14, one must consider the broader context of the Book of Job. The book explores themes of suffering, divine justice, and the human condition. Job's friends, including Eliphaz, who is the speaker here, approach Job in his suffering with a rigid theology that equates suffering with divine punishment for sin.

Insights from Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry emphasizes the notion of human depravity in his commentary. He observes that Eliphaz's statement reflects a common theological perspective that sees the inherent sinfulness of man. He writes:

• Inherent Corruption: Henry suggests that, since all are born with a sinful nature, it is almost impossible for man to be completely clean or righteous before God.
• Unworthiness of Man: He elaborates on the question of what it means to be human, positing that our worth is diminished by our sinfulness. The phrase “that he should be clean” denotes the impossibility of achieving purity without divine intervention.
• God’s Sovereignty: Henry points out that this verse reaffirms the sovereignty of God, who desires righteousness but recognizes human limitations.

Insights from Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes provides a comprehensive interpretation of the verse, focusing on the philosophical implications of purity and righteousness.

• Philosophical Inquiry: Barnes interprets Eliphaz’s rhetorical question as a philosophical inquiry into human nature. It encourages reflection on moral and spiritual integrity.
• The Role of Grace: He stresses the importance of God's grace and the belief that true righteousness cannot be achieved through human effort alone, but must come as a gift from God.
• Universal Condition: Barnes highlights that Eliphaz’s assertion reflects a universal truth about humanity’s fallen state and emphasizes the necessity for redemption.

Insights from Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke approaches the verse with a focus on language and meaning, dissecting the Hebrew text and its implications.

• Literal Interpretation: Clarke notes that the Hebrew words imply a rhetorical and existential question about the cleanliness and righteousness of man, ultimately indicating man’s inability to attain such states on his own.
• Reflection on Sin: Clarke articulates that this verse encourages self-reflection among believers regarding their sinful nature, positing that recognition of sin may lead one to seek divine cleansing.
• Hope in Redemption: Despite the somber recognition of man’s state, Clarke hints at the hope available through faith in God’s redemptive plan, foreshadowing themes found in the New Testament.

Theological Implications

The inquiries posed in Job 15:14 open a dialogue regarding key theological concepts:

• Original Sin: The verse underscores the doctrine of original sin, which posits that all humans inherit a sinful nature from Adam. This underpins the need for a savior.
• Human Fragility: The fragility of human nature is highlighted, as even the best of humans fall short of God’s standards of holiness.
• Dependence on Grace: The commentary collectively emphasizes the need for divine grace to achieve righteousness, aligning with the New Testament revelation of Christ's atoning work.

Conclusion

Job 15:14 serves as a poignant reminder of the biblical perspective on human nature and its limitations. The combined insights of Henry, Barnes, and Clarke illustrate the rich theological depth of this text. For pastors, students, theologians, and Bible scholars, this verse not only provokes intellectual inquiry but also encourages a deeper reliance on God's grace, reinforcing the primacy of faith and redemption in the Christian journey.